Nonlinear refraction in photo-induced anisotropic states of azo-dye containing materials

Isomerization and optical bistability of DR1 doped organic–inorganic sol–gel thin film

“…As reported by Xie et al [5], in solid state doped materials, their efficiency and stability strongly depend on the properties of the matrix, such as the glass transition temperature (T g ) and the structural properties of the matrix. The polymer, such as PMMA and PPV, was widely used as a matrix material [6][7][8], but the low stability under UV irradiation limits its application [9], hence, during the last two decades, many research works on the stability of the azo-doped materials have been reported [10,11]. For examples, the polymers with high T g and derived by new synthetic method were employed to achieve a more stable material system [12,13].…”

Third-Order Nonlinear and Planar Waveguide Properties of Disperse Red 13-Containing Hybrid Films Based on Titania and Organically Modified Silane

“…Thus, the value of n 2 is usually at a relatively low level and accompanied by a moderate two-photon absorption process according to different types of azo dyes. In the past few years, much research on the nonlinear properties of materials doped with different azobenzene dyes has been done, including the results of third-order nonlinearity through the z-scan technique in the near ultraviolet region, but most of the reported materials were based on polymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(1,4phenylenevinylene) (PPV), [31][32][33][34] and most of the obtained values of n 2 are less than 10 À13 cm 2 /W. As compared with the result reported in Ref.…”