Nonlinear Reconstruction of Images from Patterns Generated by Deterministic or Random Optical Masks—Concepts and Review of Research

Smith, Daniel; Gopinath, Shivasubramanian; Arockiaraj, Francis Gracy; Reddy, Andra Naresh Kumar; Balasubramani, Vinoth; Kumar, Ravi; Dubey, Nitin; Ng, Soon Hock; Katkus, Tomas; Selva, Shakina Jothi; Renganathan, Dhanalakshmi; Kamalam, Manueldoss Beaula Ruby; Rajeswary, Aravind Simon John Francis; Navaneethakrishnan, Srinivasan; Inbanathan, S.S.R.; Valdma, Sandhra-Mirella; Praveen, Periyasamy Angamuthu; Amudhavel, J.; Kumar, Manoj; Ganeev, R. A.; Magistretti, Pierre J.; Depeursinge, Christian; Juodkazis, Saulius; Rosen, Joseph; Anand, Vijayakumar

doi:10.3390/jimaging8060174

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From the manufacturing side, it is necessary to fabricate multilevel structures to improve the efficiency from the current 40% to >90%, which increases the cost and time of fabrication. With the latest developments in Femtosecond fabrication methods, it is possible to rapidly manufacture high-efficiency diffractive optical elements at a low cost [77][78][79]. The second challenge lies in the current performances of computational reconstruction methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Incoherent Multidimensional Imaging Systems Using Static Diffractive Coded Apertures

Anand¹,

Ng²,

Katkus³

et al. 2023

Holography - Recent Advances and Applications

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Incoherent holographic imaging technologies, in general, involve multiple optical components for beam splitting—combining and shaping—and in most cases, require an active optical device such as a spatial light modulator (SLM) for generating multiple phase-shifted holograms in time. The above requirements made the realization of holography-based products expensive, heavy, large, and slow. To successfully transfer the holography capabilities discussed in research articles to products, it is necessary to find methods to simplify holography architectures. In this book chapter, two important incoherent holography techniques, namely interference-based Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) and interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH), have been successfully simplified in space and time using advanced manufacturing methods and nonlinear reconstruction, respectively. Both techniques have been realized in compact optical architectures using a single static diffractive optical element manufactured using lithography technologies. Randomly multiplexed diffractive lenses were manufactured using electron beam lithography for FINCH. A quasi-random lens and a mask containing a quasi-random array of pinholes were manufactured using electron beam lithography and photolithography, respectively, for I-COACH. In both cases, the compactification has been achieved without sacrificing the performances. The design, fabrication, and experiments of FINCH and I-COACH with static diffractive optical elements are presented in details.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Incoherent Multidimensional Imaging Systems Using Static Diffractive Coded Apertures

Anand¹,

Ng²,

Katkus³

et al. 2023

Holography - Recent Advances and Applications

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…, where α and β are real numbers searched until the lowest reconstruction noise quantified by the entropy is obtained, arg(•) refers to the phase, and I is the Fourier transform of I. It has been recently observed that NLR applied to different types of deterministic optical fields generated a reconstruction spot close to the diffraction-limited spot 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D single shot lensless incoherent optical imaging using coded phase aperture system with point response of scattered airy beams

Kumar

Anand

Rosen

2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) techniques have revolutionized the field of incoherent imaging, offering multidimensional imaging capabilities with a high temporal resolution in a simple optical configuration and at a low cost. The I-COACH method uses phase modulators (PMs) between the object and the image sensor, which encode the 3D location information of a point into a unique spatial intensity distribution. The system usually requires a one-time calibration procedure in which the point spread functions (PSFs) at different depths and/or wavelengths are recorded. When an object is recorded under identical conditions as the PSF, the multidimensional image of the object is reconstructed by processing the object intensity with the PSFs. In the previous versions of I-COACH, the PM mapped every object point to a scattered intensity distribution or random dot array pattern. The scattered intensity distribution results in a low SNR compared to a direct imaging system due to optical power dilution. Due to the limited focal depth, the dot pattern reduces the imaging resolution beyond the depth of focus if further multiplexing of phase masks is not performed. In this study, I-COACH has been realized using a PM that maps every object point into a sparse random array of Airy beams. Airy beams during propagation exhibit a relatively high focal depth with sharp intensity maxima that shift laterally following a curved path in 3D space. Therefore, sparse, randomly distributed diverse Airy beams exhibit random shifts with respect to one another during propagation, generating unique intensity distributions at different distances while retaining optical power concentrations in small areas on the detector. The phase-only mask displayed on the modulator was designed by random phase multiplexing of Airy beam generators. The simulation and experimental results obtained for the proposed method are significantly better in SNR than in the previous versions of I-COACH.

show abstract

“…, where  and  were tuned between -1 to 1 until a minimum entropy is obtained [12]. Even though NLR has a wide applicability range involving different optical modulators, the resolution is limited by the autocorrelation function 𝑃𝑆𝐹 * 𝑃𝑆𝐹 [13]. This imposes a constraint on the nature of PSF and, therefore on the type of aberrations that can be corrected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lucy-Richardson-Rosen Algorithm Assisted Classification of Blurred Images with Deep Learning Networks

Amudhavel¹,

Gopinath²,

Praveen³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pattern recognition techniques form the heart of most, if not all, incoherent linear shift-invariant systems. When an object is recorded using a camera, the object information gets sampled by the point spread function (PSF) of the system, replacing every object point with the PSF in the sensor. The PSF is a sharp Kronecker Delta-like function when the numerical aperture (NA) is large with no aberrations. When the NA is small, and the system has aberrations, the PSF appears blurred. In the above case, if the PSF is known, then the object information can be obtained by scanning the PSF over the recorded object intensity pattern and looking for pattern matching conditions through a mathematical process called correlation. In this study, a recently developed deconvolution method, the Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm (LR2A), has been implemented to computationally refocus images recorded in the presence of spatio-spectral aberrations. The performance of LR2A was compared against the Lucy-Richardson algorithm and non-linear reconstruction. LR2A exhibits a superior deconvolution capability even in extreme cases of spatio-spectral aberrations and blur. Experimental results of deblurring a picture captured using high-resolution smartphone cameras are presented. LR2A was implemented to significantly improve the performances of the widely used deep convolutional neural networks for image classification.

show abstract

Nonlinear Reconstruction of Images from Patterns Generated by Deterministic or Random Optical Masks—Concepts and Review of Research

Cited by 26 publications

References 62 publications

Compact Incoherent Multidimensional Imaging Systems Using Static Diffractive Coded Apertures

Compact Incoherent Multidimensional Imaging Systems Using Static Diffractive Coded Apertures

3D single shot lensless incoherent optical imaging using coded phase aperture system with point response of scattered airy beams

Lucy-Richardson-Rosen Algorithm Assisted Classification of Blurred Images with Deep Learning Networks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About