Nonlinear Radar for Finding RF Electronics: System Design and Recent Advancements

Mazzaro, Gregory J.; Martone, Anthony F.; Ranney, Kenneth I.; Narayanan, Ram M.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2016.2640953

Cited by 70 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Harmonic radars are effective in tracking insects flying at low altitudes and over flat terrain. They have been used in many applications so far 1–3 , from bee neuroethology 4–6 to classical pollinator ecology 7,8 , from odor-mediated anemotaxis 9,10 to short range dispersal analysis 11–14 . However, it was found that some were limited in distance 11,13,15–17 , while others worked well only in flat environments 7,18,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Harmonic Radar to Track Flying Insects: the Case of Vespa velutina

Maggiora

Saccani

Milanesio

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Over the last 30 years, harmonic radars have been effective only in tracking insects flying at low altitude and over flat terrain. We developed an innovative harmonic radar, implementing the most advanced radar techniques, which covers a large field of view in elevation (with an angular aperture of about 24°) and can track insects up to a range of 500 m. We show all the components of this new harmonic radar and its first application, the tracking of Vespa velutina (yellow-legged Asian hornet). This is an invasive species which, although indigenous to South-East Asia, is spreading quickly to other regions of the world. Because of its fast diffusion and the serious threat it poses to both honeybee colonies and to humans, control measures are mandatory. When equipped with a small passive transponder, this radar system can track the flight trajectory of insects and locate nests to be destroyed. This tool has potential not only for monitoring V. velutina but also for tracking other larger insects and small size vertebrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Harmonic Radar to Track Flying Insects: the Case of Vespa velutina

Maggiora

Saccani

Milanesio

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…All of these long-range HR systems were developed and purpose-built for the application of tracking insect movement and behavior and were often not covered in radar and microwave literature. Thankfully, an extensive overview over the current and historical advancements in HR can be found in [34,35], which was used in addition to our own literature review for the overview of long-range HR systems shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A SFCW harmonic radar system for maritime search and rescue using passive and active tags

Harzheim

Mühmel

Heuermann

2021

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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This paper introduces a new maritime search and rescue system based on S-band illumination harmonic radar (HR). Passive and active tags have been developed and tested while attached to life jackets and a small boat. In this demonstration test carried out on the Baltic Sea, the system was able to detect and range the active tags up to a distance of 5800 m using an illumination signal transmit-power of 100 W. Special attention is given to the development, performance, and conceptual differences between passive and active tags used in the system. Guidelines for achieving a high HR dynamic range, including a system components description, are given and a comparison with other HR systems is performed. System integration with a commercial maritime X-band navigation radar is shown to demonstrate a solution for rapid search and rescue response and quick localization.

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“…Therefore, in order to ensure detection of harmonic responses from nonlinear targets at a given range, one needs to make sure to use sufficient transmit power. Performing a calculation using the nonlinear radar equation [15] could help determine the appropriate transmit power level to ensure detection of nonlinear targets at a given maximum detection range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, exploiting the harmonic content in the received signal allows for nonlinear targets to be detected and separated from linear scatters which are considered clutter. Nonlinear detection has been studied for applications such as detection of RF electronics, insect tracking, RFID, temperature sensing, and monitoring of human activities [12][13][14][15][16][17]. As for DORT applied to nonlinear scatterers, due to its ability to selectively focus electromagnetic energy at a scatter in addition to detection, it could find applications in wireless power transfer where harmonic responses from passive rectifiers can be exploited for detection and subsequent selective focusing (beamforming) to concentrate wireless power at a desired device [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Resonances for Discrimination of Multiple Passive Nonlinear Targets Applicable to Dort

Hong¹,

Park²

2019

PIER M

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This paper presents a method to distinguish multiple passive nonlinear targets, which can be applied to detection and selective wave focusing based on the decomposition of the time-reversal operator (DORT). A recent demonstration of DORT applied to harmonic scattering has shown that passive nonlinear targets (scatterers) can be detected in the presence of linear scatterers and separated into discrete eigenvalues. While DORT is effective in detecting multiple nonlinear targets, it could be difficult to discriminate these nonlinear scatters as their harmonic responses would look similar to each other. Our proposed approach to overcoming this difficulty is based on simply embedding a unique resonant notch in the second harmonic band for each nonlinear scatter, so as to make the notch appear in the associated eigenvalue, permitting identification and discrimination of the scatterer. We numerically demonstrate the basic feasibility of the proposed idea by considering various configurations in a two-dimensional model. The results show that a uniquely embedded resonant notch in a nonlinear target consistently appears in the corresponding eigenvalue of the time reversal operator, allowing it to be a reliable identifying feature. Further investigation into this technique holds promise towards smart wireless power transfer, biomedical, and IoT applications.

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Nonlinear Radar for Finding RF Electronics: System Design and Recent Advancements

Cited by 70 publications

References 51 publications

An Innovative Harmonic Radar to Track Flying Insects: the Case of Vespa velutina

An Innovative Harmonic Radar to Track Flying Insects: the Case of Vespa velutina

A SFCW harmonic radar system for maritime search and rescue using passive and active tags

Embedded Resonances for Discrimination of Multiple Passive Nonlinear Targets Applicable to Dort

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