We consider the possibility of experimental verification of vacuum e + e − pair creation at the focus of two counter-propagating optical laser beams with intensities 10 20 -10 22 W/cm 2 , achievable with presentday petawatt lasers, and approaching the Schwinger limit: 10 29 W/cm 2 to be reached at ELI. Our approach is based on the collisionless kinetic equation for the evolution of the e + and e − distribution functions governed by a non-Markovian source term for pair production. As possible experimental signals of vacuum pair production we consider e + e − annihilation into γ-pairs and the refraction of a high-frequency probe laser beam by the produced e + e − plasma. We discuss the dependence of the dynamical pair production process on laser wavelength, with special emphasis on applications in the X-ray domain (X-FEL), as well as the prospects for µ + µ − and π + π − pair creation at high-intensity lasers. We investigate perspectives for using high-intensity lasers as "boosters" of ion beams in the few-GeV per nucleon range, which is relevant, e.g., to the exploration of the QCD phase transition in laboratory experiments. Send offprint requests to: David Blaschke 1 We use = c = kB = 1 throughout.
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