Nonlinear pyroelectric energy harvesting from relaxor single crystals

Khodayari, Akram; Pruvost, Sébastien; Sebald, Gaël; Guyomar, Daniel; Mohammadi, Sara

doi:10.1109/tuffc.2009.1092

Cited by 96 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[ 8,9 ] To date, considerable effort, in terms of theoretical investigations, materials, and systems, has been devoted to developing the pyroelectric effect as a useful renewable energy source. [10][11][12][13][14] This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifi cations or adaptations are made. The copyright line for this article was changed on 14 May 2015 after original online publication.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201401942mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The produced loop area is considered as an energy density ( N D , the area of the D -E loop); the power density ( P D , = N D f ) is also evaluated from the area. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] To the best of our knowledge, there is no application that satisfi es a true energy breakeven because of the diffi culties associated with fi nding a suitable energy source that can simultaneously give alternative heat and an electric fi eld. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In this study, a novel electrothermodynamic cycle is presented based on temporal temperature variation to obtain practical net energy from exhaust heat of automobile.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Novel Electrothermodynamic Power Generation

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Yamanaka³

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The electrothermodynamic cycle is described by the loop of the electric displacement, D , versus the electric fi eld, E ( D-E loop). In Figure 1 a, a schematic of the theoretical Olsen cycle is presented as ABCD. The cycle begins at a low temperature ( T low ) with no electric fi eld (point A). When the electric fi eld ( E 1 ) is applied, the state moves to point B (path AB), corresponding to the hysteresis loop section of the material obtained at T low (see Figure S1b, Supporting Information), denoting an increase in electric displacement. The temperature is increased to the value T high (path BC). Then, electric displacement corresponds to another hysteresis loop, obtained at T high (point C). Removing the external electric fi eld, the state moves to point D along the hysteresis loop at T high (path CD). Finally, the temperature is decreased to T low , and the state moves to point A (path DA). The produced loop area is considered as an energy density ( N D , the area of the D -E loop); the power density ( P D , = N D f ) is also evaluated from the area. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] To the best of our knowledge, there is no application that satisfi es a true energy breakeven because of the diffi culties associated with fi nding a suitable energy source that can simultaneously give alternative heat and an electric fi eld. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In this study, a novel electrothermodynamic cycle is presented based on temporal temperature variation to obtain practical net energy from exhaust heat of automobile. Another representative heat electric conversion cycle, the Stirling cycle, is modifi ed, and this cycle has a higher potential than the Olsen cycle. [ 6,7 ] The most representative pyro and piezoelectric material, PZT (C-6, Curie temperature T C : 305 °C), is employed. The temperature variation is considered as a simple pseudo-sinusoidal wave based on the imaging of the temperature fl uctuation of the exhaust gas. An external electric fi eld is applied to the material corresponding to the temperature variation (see details in the Supporting Information). The general Sawyer-Tower (ST) circuit is redesigned by inductions of a Diode and a SWitch (named as DSW circuit, see Figure S2b, Supporting Information) to evaluate the D-E loop and simultaneously harvest the net energy.In Figure 1 a, a schematic of our cycle (ABC 1 D) is shown. The AB path is the same as the Olsen cycle. The material is then isolated and the electric displacement D is kept constant while the temperature is increased to T high . The voltage is increased to the E 2 value (path BC 1 ) based on the electrothermodynamic equation: [ 15,16 ] and p are the electric displacement, electric fi eld, temperature, dielectric permittivity, time, and pyroelectric coeffi cient, respectively (see details in the Supporting Information). Then, the material is reconnected to the circuit, and the state moves to point D (path C 1 D). Finally, temperature is decreased back to T low , and the D-E loop is closed. The triangular area BC 1 C is the additional ...

show abstract

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201401942mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Electrothermodynamic Power Generation

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Yamanaka³

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[9][10][11][12] To date, considerable effort has been devoted to investigating the pyroelectric effect to develop a useful renewable energy source based on theoretical investigations, materials, and systems. [13][14][15][16][17][18] In the 1980s, Olsen et al reported on an electrothermodynamic cycle (Olsen cycle) using the pyroelectric effect and an external electric field, [19,20] which can be described by a loop of electric displacement, D, versus the electric field, E (D-E loop). The area denotes an energy density (N D , theoretical generating potential), and a power density (P D , = N D f ) can also be evaluated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between the Material Properties and Pyroelectric‐Generating Performance of PZTs

Yamanaka¹,

Kim²,

Nakajima³

et al. 2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

according to a given temperature variation during generating cycle:It was indicated that the D F could be effective as a FOM for the pyroelectric generating performance and the dielectric loss (tanδ) significantly affected the generating performance in addition to p under hightemperature and electric-field conditions. Furthermore, of the PZTs tested, the C-91 sample (see further), which showed the highest generating performance, resulted in a generated energy of 1.3 mW cm −3 in the engine dynamometer assessment. This is 13 times greater than the generated energy reported in a previous study of C-6 (0.1 mW cm −3 ). [1] How much wasted heat exists, and how can we utilize it as renewable energy? These questions have been explored in automotive applications. Recently, there has been increasing interest in thermoelectric generation as an energy-regeneration technology because of the increasing concerns about environmental pollution and commitments to a low-carbon society.Therefore, to improve the fuel efficiency (energy saving) of automobiles, in this study, we focus on exhaust losses (exhaust gas), which account for approximately 30% of the gasoline energy, which is equal to the driving energy, [2] and developed an exhaust energy-regeneration technology based on thermoelectric generation.In pyroelectric applications, the general figures of merit (FOMs) have been applied and reported near room temperature. We derived the modified FOMs in considering our electro-thermodynamic cycle for the usage environment of automotive applications. The relationship between the material properties and generating performance of PZTs was investigated at various temperatures. The F D was suggested from F D , a FOM for a pyroelectric sensor, based on the modified pyroelectric coefficient (p); p . p was calculated by the change of the spontaneous polarization (P S ) according to a given temperature variation during one cycle; ΔP S /ΔT (T max −T min ). It was indicated that the F F D D could be effective as a FOM for the pyroelectric generating performance and the dielectric loss (tanδ ) significantly affected the generating performance in addition to p p under high-temperature and electric field conditions. Furthermore, of the PZTs tested, C-91 sample which showed the highest generating performance resulted in a generating energy of 1.3 mW cm -3 in the engine dynamometer assessment. This is 13 times greater than the generating energy reported in a previous study of C-6 (0.1 mW cm -3 ).In pyroelectric applications, general figures of merit (FOMs) have been applied and reported at near room temperature. We derived modified FOMs for the usage environment of automotive applications by considering an electro-thermodynamic cycle. The relationship between the material properties and the generating performance of lead zirconate titanates (PZTs) was investigated at various temperatures. A general FOM F D for a pyroelectric sensor, quantifying the electrical noise caused by thermal energy (Johnson noise) was modified and suggested as D

show abstract

“…This approach permits a typical harvested energy gain up to 40 under constant displacement magnitude (or constant temperature variation magnitude) as well as bypassing the power limit when considering the damping effect. It can also be noticed that instead of adding external nonlinearities, Guyomar, Pruvost and Sebald (2008); Khodayari et al (2009);Zhu et al (2009) have shown that the energy harvesting performance may be also enhanced by using the intrinsic nonlinear behaviors of pyroelectric materials, such as ferroelectric↔ferroelectric or ferroelectric↔paraelectric phase transitions.…”

Section: Conversion Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%