Nonlinear Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes with Localized Exciton States

Iwamura, Munechiyo; Akizuki, Naoto; Miyauchi, Yuhei; Mouri, Shinichiro; Shaver, Jonah; Gao, Zhaoshun; Cognet, Laurent; Lounis, Brahim; Matsuda, Kazunari

doi:10.1021/nn503803b

Cited by 52 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…4 , additional localized states were embedded in carbon nanotubes by atomic oxygen 32 or sp 3 -defect doping 34 that reduce the band gap and exciton energy locally. Oxygen- and the sp 3 -defect-doped carbon nanotubes were prepared according to procedures originally developed by Ghosh et al 32 and Piao et al 34 , respectively, with different chemical and experimental parameter selections 33 48 . In brief, the isolated nanotube dispersion was combined with a small amount of D 2 O containing dissolved ozone and left under the illumination of a desk lamp (ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient near-infrared up-conversion photoluminescence in carbon nanotubes

et al. 2015

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Photoluminescence phenomena normally obey Stokes' law of luminescence according to which the emitted photon energy is typically lower than its excitation counterparts. Here we show that carbon nanotubes break this rule under one-photon excitation conditions. We found that the carbon nanotubes exhibit efficient near-infrared photoluminescence upon photoexcitation even at an energy lying >100–200 meV below that of the emission at room temperature. This apparently anomalous phenomenon is attributed to efficient one-phonon-assisted up-conversion processes resulting from unique excited-state dynamics emerging in an individual carbon nanotube with accidentally or intentionally embedded localized states. These findings may open new doors for energy harvesting, optoelectronics and deep-tissue photoluminescence imaging in the near-infrared optical range.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient near-infrared up-conversion photoluminescence in carbon nanotubes

et al. 2015

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“…[61] The long lifetime of the trapped excitons means that even moderate excitation densities lead to a saturation of the defect sites. Thus, the E 11 /E 11 * intensity ratio becomes highly pump power-dependent, [53,62] which makes the comparison of defect densities in experimental studies with different excitation sources (lamp, pulsed or continuous wave laser) very difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent Defects in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Applications

Zaumseil

2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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most applications, only semiconducting nanotubes and ideally only one (n,m) species (monochiral) are desired. This technological need has pushed the search for more controlled and selective growth of SWCNTs [5,6] and even more importantly fueled the development of post-growth purification and sorting of the different nanotube types and chiralities. Various, quite different techniques, such as gelchromatography, [7][8][9] aqueous two-phase separation (ATPE), [10][11][12] and selective polymer-wrapping, [13][14][15][16][17] now make it possible to produce and work with sufficiently large amounts of not only purely semiconducting nanotubes of a certain diameter range but also monochiral nanotubes and even enantiomerically pure samples. [18,19] This high degree of purification and hence the availability of nanotubes as a material with reproducible properties has been critical for applications in electronics [20,21] and energy conversion, [22,23] as well as imaging [24,25] and sensing [26,27] based on the near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) of SWCNTs and its modulation. However, an important paradigm shift occurred when it became clear that defects in the sp 2 carbon lattice of nanotubes are not always detrimental to the photoluminescence yield, but can indeed lead to new electronic states with highly interesting and useful optical properties. [28][29][30] These specific defects, which are variably named sp 3 defects, luminescent defects, organic color centers or quantum defects [31][32][33][34][35] have been at the heart of many recent studies on carbon nanotubes and promise a wide range of potential applications from single-photon emission to in vivo super-resolution imaging. This review will briefly introduce the underlying photo physics and properties of these defects, peruse recent progress in their controlled creation and discuss the various potential applications in detail.Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes show extraordinary electronic and optical properties, such as high charge carrier mobilities and diameter-dependent near-infrared photoluminescence. The introduction of sp 3 defects in the carbon lattice of these nanotubes creates new electronic states that result in even further red-shifted photoluminescence with longer lifetimes and higher photoluminescence yield. These luminescent defects or organic color centers can be tuned chemically by controlling the precise binding configuration and the electrostatic properties of the attached substituents. This review covers the basic photophysics of luminescent sp 3 defects, synthetic methods for their controlled formation and discusses their application as near-infrared single-photon emitters at room temperature, in electroluminescent devices, as versatile optical sensors, and as fluorophores for bioimaging and potential super-resolution microscopy.

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“…The researchers have concluded that the local electronic states generated from the defects are nearly independent of the origin. 15 Meanwhile, recent findings revealed that different functional groups on diazonium adducts could generate E 11 − peaks on (6,5) SWCNTs at a range of 1110 to 1148 nm. 12 For oxygen-based defects, Ghosh et al deduced the product of their ozone-functionalized SWCNTs to be ethers perpendicular to nanotube axis (ether-perpendicular) rather than epoxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect-Induced Near-Infrared Photoluminescence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Treated with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

et al. 2017

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been incorporated in many emerging applications in the biomedical field including chemical sensing, biological imaging, drug delivery, and photothermal therapy. To overcome inherent hydrophobicity and improve their biocompatibility, pristine SWCNTs are often coated with surfactants, polymers, DNA, proteins, or lipids. In this paper, we report the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on SWCNT photoluminescence. A decrease in the SWCNT bandgap emission (E) and a new red-shifted emission (E) were observed in the presence of PUFAs. We attribute the change in SWCNT photoluminescence to the formation of oxygen-containing defects by lipid hydroperoxides through photo-oxidation. The observed changes in near-infrared emission of SWCNTs are important for understanding the interaction between SWCNTs and lipid biocorona. Our results also indicate that photoexcited SWCNTs can catalyze lipid peroxidation similarly to lipoxygenases.

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Nonlinear Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes with Localized Exciton States

Cited by 52 publications

References 73 publications

Efficient near-infrared up-conversion photoluminescence in carbon nanotubes

Efficient near-infrared up-conversion photoluminescence in carbon nanotubes

Luminescent Defects in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Applications

Defect-Induced Near-Infrared Photoluminescence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Treated with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

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