Nonlinear optics of graphene and other 2D materials in layered structures

Cheng, Jinluo; Sipe, J. E.; Vermeulen, Nathalie; Chen, Guo

doi:10.1088/2515-7647/aaeadb

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…2D materials possess extraordinary Kerr nonlinearity and show great potential for optical modulation. For example, graphene owns a nonlinear refractive index of 10 −11 -10 −15 m 2 /W in the telecommunication band, as reported by a number of groups [36,69,70], which is orders of magnitude larger than that of typical bulk materials (10 −18 m 2 /W for silicon [71] and 10 −19 m 2 /W for silicon nitride [72]). TMDs [73][74][75] and black phosphorus [76] also show high third-order nonlinearity and have been widely used for optical modulation.…”

Section: Kerr Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

All-optical modulation with 2D layered materials: status and prospects

et al. 2020

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Abstract Optical modulation technique plays a crucial role in photonics technologies, and there is an ever-increasing demand for broadband and ultrafast optical modulation in the era of artificial intelligence. All-optical modulation is known to be able to operate in an ultrafast way and has a broadband response, showing great potential in applications for ultrafast information processing and photonic computing. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with exotic optoelectronic properties bring tremendous new opportunities for all-optical modulators with excellent performance, which have attracted lots of attention recently. In this review, we cover the state-of-art all-optical modulation based on 2D materials, including graphene, transitional metal dichalcogenides, phosphorus, and other novel 2D materials. We present the operations mechanism of different types of all-optical modulators with various configurations, such as fiber-integrated and free-space ones. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by all-optical modulation, as well as offer some future perspectives for the development of all-optical modulation based on 2D materials.

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Section: Kerr Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

All-optical modulation with 2D layered materials: status and prospects

et al. 2020

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“…Graphene has been identified by many industry sectors as a key material that will drive future product development in flexible electronics, smart textiles, biosensors, drug delivery, water filtration, supercapacitors and more, as stated by the Graphene Report 2020 [ 4 ]. Lately, graphene has shown great potential as an ideal material for modern photonic, optoelectronic and electronic devices due to its ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics and ultra-broadband NLO response as a consequence of its extended π-conjugate system and the linear dispersion relation holding for its electronic band structure [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide-Based Silico-Phosphate Composite Films for Optical Limiting of Ultrashort Near-Infrared Laser Pulses

et al. 2020

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The development of graphene-based materials for optical limiting functionality is an active field of research. Optical limiting for femtosecond laser pulses in the infrared-B (IR-B) (1.4–3 μm) spectral domain has been investigated to a lesser extent than that for nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses at wavelengths up to 1.1 μm. Novel nonlinear optical materials, glassy graphene oxide (GO)-based silico-phosphate composites, were prepared, for the first time to our knowledge, by a convenient and low cost sol-gel method, as described in the paper, using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), H3PO4 and GO/reduced GO (rGO) as precursors. The characterisation of the GO/rGO silico-phosphate composite films was performed by spectroscopy (Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible-Near Infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) and Raman) and microscopy (atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) techniques. H3PO4 was found to reduce the rGO dispersed in the precursor’s solution with the formation of vertically agglomerated rGO sheets, uniformly distributed on the substrate surface. The capability of these novel graphene oxide-based materials for the optical limiting of femtosecond laser pulses at 1550 nm wavelength was demonstrated by intensity-scan experiments. The GO or rGO presence in the film, their concentrations, the composite films glassy matrix, and the film substrate influence the optical limiting performance of these novel materials and are discussed accordingly.

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“…The need to improve the performance of nonlinear integrated photonic devices has motivated the on-chip integration of highly nonlinear materials such as polymers and two-dimensional (2D) materials [26,27]. The giant Kerr nonlinearity of 2D layered materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been widely recognized and has enabled diverse nonlinear photonic devices with high performance and new functionalities [28][29][30][31][32]. In particular, enhanced spectral broadening of optical pulses has been reported for SOI nanowires with transferred MoS2 and graphene [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

Moss¹,

Jiao²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Layered two-dimensional (2D) GO films are integrated with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire waveguides to experimentally demonstrate an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity, observed through self-phase modulation (SPM). The GO films are integrated with SOI nanowires using a large-area, transfer-free, layer-by-layer coating method that yields precise control of the film thickness. The film placement and coating length are controlled by opening windows in the silica cladding of the SOI nanowires. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the highly nonlinear GO films, the Kerr nonlinearity of the hybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced. Detailed SPM measurements using picosecond optical pulses show significant spectral broadening enhancement for SOI nanowires coated with 2.2-mm-long films of 1−3 layers of GO, and 0.4-mm-long films with 5−20 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with theory, the dependence of GO’s <i>n</i><sub>2</sub> on layer number and pulse energy is obtained, showing interesting physical insights and trends of the layered GO films from 2D monolayers to quasi bulk-like behavior. Finally, we show that by coating SOI nanowires with GO films the effective nonlinear parameter of SOI nanowires is increased 16 fold, with the effective nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) increasing by about 20 times to FOM > 5. These results reveal the strong potential of using layered GO films to improve the Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon photonic devices.

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Nonlinear optics of graphene and other 2D materials in layered structures

Cited by 17 publications

References 73 publications

All-optical modulation with 2D layered materials: status and prospects

All-optical modulation with 2D layered materials: status and prospects

Graphene Oxide-Based Silico-Phosphate Composite Films for Optical Limiting of Ultrashort Near-Infrared Laser Pulses

Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

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