Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porous Silicon

Golovan, L. A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04508-5_139-2

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Note that χ (3) for Si nanostructures varies in the range of 1 × 10 −9 to 1 × 10 −6 e.s.u., 34 which is several orders of magnitude higher than χ (3) for water or biological liquids, which is close to 1 × 10 −14 e.s.u. 63,64 Even the lowest values of χ (3) for SiNPs provide enormous 1 × 10 10 contrast at equal concentration of scatterers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Note that χ (3) for Si nanostructures varies in the range of 1 × 10 –9 to 1 × 10 –6 e.s.u., which is several orders of magnitude higher than χ (3) for water or biological liquids, which is close to 1 × 10 –14 e.s.u. , Even the lowest values of χ (3) for SiNPs provide enormous 1 × 10 10 contrast at equal concentration of scatterers. Assuming a local SiNPs concentration about 500 μg/mL (such concentration is typical for spots of SiNPs accumulation in cells, according to our previous observations), we can conclude that the nonresonant CARS signal from SiNPs is about 2500 times stronger than from water and cell components, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Both bulk and nanostructured Si demonstrate significant nonlinear third-order susceptibility, χ (3) . This potentially allows applications of third order nonlinear techniques, such as CARS, stimulated Raman scattering, two- and three-photon photoluminescence, third harmonic generation, etc .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31,33 Both bulk and nanostructured Si demonstrate significant nonlinear third-order susceptibility, χ (3) . 34 This potentially allows applications of third order nonlinear techniques, such as CARS, stimulated Raman scattering, two-and three-photon photoluminescence, third harmonic generation, etc. The remarkable χ (3) of Si by comparison with biological objects and tissues may provide high contrast of SiNPs in such bioimaging methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonresonant CARS Imaging of Porous and Solid Silicon Nanoparticles in Human Cells

Gongalsky

Muftieva

Saarinen

et al. 2021

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), a nonlinear optical method for rapid visualization of biological objects, represents a progressive tool in biology and medicine to explore cells and tissue structures in living systems and biopsies. In this study, we report efficient nonresonant CARS imaging of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in human cells as a proof of concept. As both bulk and porous silicon exhibit a high third-order nonlinear susceptibility, χ(3), which is responsible for the CARS intensity, it is possible to visualize the SiNPs without specific labels. Porous and solid SiNPs were obtained from layers of porous and nonporous silicon nanowires and mesoporous silicon. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that porous SiNPs consisted of ∼3 nm silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) and pores, whereas solid nanoparticles comprised ∼30 nm nc-Si. All types of SiNPs were nontoxic at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation with cells. We demonstrated that although nc-Si possesses a distinguished narrow Raman band of about 520 cm–1, it is possible to detect a high CARS signal from SiNPs in the epi-direction even in a nonresonant regime. 3D CARS images showed that all types of studied SiNPs were visualized as bright spots inside the cytoplasm of cells after 3–6 h of incubation because of the contrast provided by the high third-order nonlinear susceptibility of SiNPs, which is 1 × 104 to 1 × 105 times higher than that of water and typical biological media. Overall, CARS microscopy can provide localization of SiNPs within biological structures at the cellular level and can be a powerful tool for in vitro monitoring of silicon-based drug delivery systems or use SiNPs as labels to monitor various bioprocesses inside living cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nonresonant CARS Imaging of Porous and Solid Silicon Nanoparticles in Human Cells

Gongalsky

Muftieva

Saarinen

et al. 2021

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Electronic microchip technology has elaborated sophistical tools and methods to create silicon structures of sub-100 nm spatial resolution, which is perfectly suitable for the usually sub-micrometer-sized integrated photonic structures. On the other hand, the existing silicon microfabrication technology allows the creation of hybrid devices by combining integrated photonic and electronic structures [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsecond All-Optical Modulation by Biofunctionalized Porous Silicon Microcavity

et al. 2023

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We successfully created a composite photonic structure out of porous silicon (PSi) microcavities doped by the photochromic protein, photoactive yellow protein (PYP). Massive incorporation of the protein molecules into the pores was substantiated by a 30 nm shift of the resonance dip upon functionalization, and light-induced reflectance changes of the device due to the protein photocycle were recorded. Model calculations for the photonic properties of the device were consistent with earlier results on the nonlinear optical properties of the protein, whose degree of incorporation into the PSi structure was also estimated. The successful proof-of-concept results are discussed in light of possible practical applications in the future.

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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porous Silicon

Cited by 2 publications

References 98 publications

Nonresonant CARS Imaging of Porous and Solid Silicon Nanoparticles in Human Cells

Nonresonant CARS Imaging of Porous and Solid Silicon Nanoparticles in Human Cells

Microsecond All-Optical Modulation by Biofunctionalized Porous Silicon Microcavity

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