Nonlinear Optical Properties and Applications of Fluorenone Molecular Materials

Abstract

Fluorenone molecular materials provide an excellent platform to engineer new materials that are very promising for photonic and optoelectronic applications, such as very efficient optical second harmonic (SHG) and terahertz (THz) generation, light emitting diodes, biomarkers, solar cells, and sensors. More recently, there have been a lot of research efforts dedicated towards the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these fluorenone materials because of their unique combination of chemical, structural, and optical properties. This review addresses the state of the art of this very interesting and potent class of molecular materials. In particular, the NLO susceptibilities, their potential for optical SHG and THz generation and their two‐photon luminescence properties and how to optimize these by rational design are reviewed. Flexibility and easiness of modification of their molecular properties combined with their structural polymorphism enable a variety of applications. Perspectives and future research directions for these fluorenone materials are also presented.

An intramolecular-locked strategy for designing nonlinear optical materials with remarkable first hyperpolarizability

“…NLO materials play a pivotal role in the development of advanced modern technologies for the dynamic image processing, optical frequency conversion, data storage [1][2][3][4] and so on. In particular, NLO materials with large hyperpolarizabilities are crucial materials for these technologies.…”

“…The second harmonic generation (SHG) 5 effect in NLO materials is one of the most widely studied and applied second order NLO responses, and the first hyperpolarizability is a key indicator for evaluating the performance of the SHG effect. Different strategies 4,[6][7][8][9][10][11] have been successively proposed to enhance the first hyperpolarizability. Among those strategies, the strategy of designing D-A and Dp-A organic molecules has become a quite important strategy in enhancing the first hyperpolarizability, 4,[11][12][13][14][15][16] mainly owing to the D-A and D-p-A organic molecules holding strong inter(intra)molecular charge transfer (ICT) and having highly delocalized p-electron characteristics.…”

“…Different strategies 4,[6][7][8][9][10][11] have been successively proposed to enhance the first hyperpolarizability. Among those strategies, the strategy of designing D-A and Dp-A organic molecules has become a quite important strategy in enhancing the first hyperpolarizability, 4,[11][12][13][14][15][16] mainly owing to the D-A and D-p-A organic molecules holding strong inter(intra)molecular charge transfer (ICT) and having highly delocalized p-electron characteristics. The organic molecules, on the other hand, have also a lower laser damage threshold and easy modification characteristics.…”

A triphenylamine-based Pt(ii) metallacage via coordination-driven self-assembly for nonlinear optical power limiting

“…26,27 The strong interaction of intense light with matter comes under the class of nonlinear optics (NLO), which becomes extremely important for modern technologies. [28][29][30] Nonlinear optical properties, such as two-photon absorption (2PA), are of special interest for technologically important applications in fast optical switching, 31,32 in vivo imaging, [33][34][35][36] and so on. [37][38][39][40] Highly intense infrared ultrashort pulses probe deep into samples and reveal the light-matter interactions 41,42 and ultrafast dynamics.…”

Photoelectron Spectroscopy of OH−-Anion–Water Clusters Generated by Ultrasonic Nebulizer

“…Small molecules are the building blocks of larger molecules and materials [6][7][8]. Therefore, it is critical to gain fundamental knowledge about small molecules in order to increase our understanding of biological systems and to achieve control of material properties [9,10]. For example, protein-folding and phaseseparation phenomena in cells vary depending on their basic molecular properties and interactions [10,11].…”