Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Well Operations for Real-Time Production Optimization

Patel, R. M.

doi:10.2118/201212-pa

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The computational results indicated that larger well spacings resulted in higher ultimate oil recovery. Rajan G. Patel et al [15] employed a non-linear SAGD predictive model, while Sasaki et al [16] conducted a two-dimensional experimental Processes 2024, 12, 754 3 of 23 study. Their research findings indicate that as the well spacing increases, the steam chamber rise rate and the oil production rate also increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Characteristics of Steam Chamber and Factors Influencing Nitrogen-Assisted Vertical–Horizontal Steam Drainage Development

Zheng,

Yu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Processes

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With the notable achievements attained through the implementation of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), the vertical–horizontal steam drive (VHSD) emerges as a pivotal technological advancement aimed at significantly enhancing the efficiency of thin reservoir heavy oil recovery subsequent to steam cyclic stimulation. The inclusion of nitrogen assistance has proven effective in enhancing the efficacy of gravity drainage techniques in reservoir development. However, it is noteworthy that this method has only led to improvements in approximately 50% of the well groups within the observed field. The comprehensive evaluation index of VHSD was proposed, and as the objective function, it was determined that the greatest contribution to the VHSD technique lies in oil saturation, accounting for 40% of the overall evaluations. This differs from conventional SAGD operations, where reservoir thickness serves as the primary determinant. Building upon an enhanced physical simulation similarity criterion, two comparative injection scheme experiments were conducted to explore the impact of nitrogen injection on the performance of VHSD and the characteristics of the steam chamber. Nitrogen is distributed in the vicinity of the steam chamber, leading to the formation of a dual mechanism characterized by ‘top heat insulation and lateral traction’ on the steam chamber. The lateral traction accounts for approximately 25% of the team chamber volume. Additionally, the inducement of nitrogen causes a downward displacement of crude oil, resulting in its accumulation within the high-temperature region of the steam chamber. This, in turn, enhances the contact area between the high-temperature steam and the crude oil, ultimately leading to improvement in production efficiency. Further validation of the impact of nitrogen on steam lateral traction and interlayer steam drainage within the reservoir was confirmed using Xinjiang oilfield testing. The well temperature increased from 75 °C to 130 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Characteristics of Steam Chamber and Factors Influencing Nitrogen-Assisted Vertical–Horizontal Steam Drainage Development

Zheng,

Yu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Processes

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Distributed Real-Time Multi-Pad Steam Allocation Optimization

Sibaweihi

Trivedi

2023

Day 1 Wed, March 15, 2023

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In Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) recovery, optimal real-time steam allocation from a shared steam generator to the physically coupled multi-pads can significantly improve long-term performance goals. However, multi-pad real-time optimization (RTO) with first-principle models can be computationally intensive. Furthermore, general-purpose optimization algorithms in RTO do not consider the future state beyond the prediction horizons to be optimized and treat the optimization problem as a long-term optimization process. Since steam is the primary cost factor in SAGD, Key Performance Indicators (KPI) such as Net Present Value (NPV), when used in RTO, result in low steam injection impeding steam chamber growth during the build-up and normal SAGD operational phase. Therefore, balancing steam chamber development and economics becomes essential for SAGD well-pads using RTO to meet long-term goals. In this contribution, we implement the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) and a dynamic data-driven model to reduce the computational cost of RTO. ADMM coordinates in real-time field-wide use of shared steam generation. The shared steam generation is a market commodity traded between the pads, with global coordination in real-time perturbation of their market prices. Four SAGD KPIs are implemented for a multi-pad RTO of the SAGD normal operations phase to see which KPI eventually grows the steam chamber without negatively affecting the long-term economic performance. A SAGD field with four pads with 33 well-pairs shows that for all four pads, an economic-based KPI limits the achievement of long-term goals because it cannot account for the future state beyond the horizon under consideration due to hindered steam chamber growth. For the steam chamber expansion and bitumen recovery KPI, high recovery and economic performance are achieved, but with a high resource requirement, leading to a high carbon footprint. On the other hand, an alternating economic and bitumen recovery KPI achieves high economic performance while minimizing resource requirements that decrease carbon footprint.

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Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Well Operations for Real-Time Production Optimization

Cited by 2 publications

References 50 publications

Study on Characteristics of Steam Chamber and Factors Influencing Nitrogen-Assisted Vertical–Horizontal Steam Drainage Development

Study on Characteristics of Steam Chamber and Factors Influencing Nitrogen-Assisted Vertical–Horizontal Steam Drainage Development

Distributed Real-Time Multi-Pad Steam Allocation Optimization

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