Abstract:In this research paper, we estimated absorption loss (L ) and spreading loss (L o ) based on electromagnetic (EM) waves propagation, considering multiple seawater depth (1101) points from surface to 5500 m distributed uniformly with 5-m difference. Estimation of parameters aforementioned was done based on world ocean data (WOD13) from the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) averaged between 1955 and 2012 along decades for basic parameters of seawater T (C o ) and S (ppt) up to 5500-m depth ver… Show more
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