Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory with polarization drift

Wang, Lu; Hahm, T. S.

doi:10.1063/1.3467498

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In contrast, the gyro-averaged gyro-center density of ions, n G.C. i can be different from electron density due to the polarization density, n p = n G.C i − n e [17,18]. In this case, P G.C.…”

Section: Simulation Approach and Momentum Conservationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Physics of Intrinsic Rotation in Flux-Driven ITG Turbulence

Ku¹,

Dimond²,

Dif-Pradalier³

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Global, heat flux-driven ITG gyrokinetic simulations which manifest the formation of macroscopic, mean toroidal flow profiles with peak thermal Mach number 0.05, are reported. Both a particle-in-cell (XGC1p) and a semi-Lagrangian (Gysela) approach are utilized without a priori assumptions of scale-separation between turbulence and mean fields. Flux-driven ITG simulations with different edge flow boundary conditions show in both approaches the development of net unidirectional intrinsic rotation in the co-current direction. Intrinsic torque is shown to scale approximately linearly with the inverse scale length of the ion temperature gradient. External momentum input is shown to effectively cancel the intrinsic rotation profile, thus confirming the existence of a local residual stress and intrinsic torque. Fluctuation intensity, intrinsic torque and mean flow are demonstrated to develop inwards from the boundary. The measured correlations between residual stress and two fluctuation spectrum symmetry breakers, namely E × B shear and intensity gradient, are similar. Avalanches of (positive) heat flux, which propagate either outwards or inwards, are correlated with avalanches of (negative) parallel momentum flux, so that outward transport of heat and inward transport of parallel momentum are correlated and mediated by avalanches. The probability distribution functions of the outward heat flux and the inward momentum flux show strong structural similarity.

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Section: Simulation Approach and Momentum Conservationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Physics of Intrinsic Rotation in Flux-Driven ITG Turbulence

Ku¹,

Dimond²,

Dif-Pradalier³

et al. 2012

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show abstract

“…The second-order correction terms (Calvo and Parra 2012;Littlejohn 1981) to define the difference between the particle and gyrocenter positions are not considered here. To avoid a secular deviation of the particle position from the gyrocenter in a long time gyrokinetic simulation, Wang and Hahm (2010) considered the correction due to the fluctuating E Â B velocity in the definition of the gyrocenter position and included the polarization drift in the gyrocenter equations of motion, which are not retained in this work either. The gyrocenter Hamiltonian for describing turbulent transport in toroidally rotating plasmas first appears in Brizard (1995) …”

Section: Gyrocenter Equations For Toroidally Rotating Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern gyrokinetic formulation of collisional and turbulent transport in toroidally rotating plasmas

Sugama

2017

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

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Collisional and turbulent transport processes in toroidal plasmas with large toroidal flows on the order of the ion thermal velocity are formulated based on the modern gyrokinetic theory. Governing equations for background and turbulent electromagnetic fields and gyrocenter distribution functions are derived from the Lagrangian variational principle with effects of collisions and external sources taken into account. Noether's theorem modified for collisional systems and the collision operator given in terms of Poisson brackets are applied to derivation of the particle, energy, and toroidal momentum balance equations in the conservative forms which are desirable properties for long-time global transport simulation. The resultant balance equations are shown to include the classical, neoclassical, and turbulent transport fluxes which agree with those obtained from the conventional recursive formulations.

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“…In addition, the polarization drift will explicitly enter the equations of the modified gyrocenter motion [34]. The higher-order gyrocenter orbits [resulting e.g.…”

Section: Gyrokinetic System Of Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order energy-conserving gyrokinetic theory

Mishchenko

Brizard

2011

Physics of Plasmas

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A higher-order self-consistent energy-conserving gyrokinetic system of equations is derived. It is shown that additional terms appear in the quasineutrality condition. These terms are nonlinear in the electric field. The derivation includes higher-order terms in the gyrokinetic Hamiltonian (needed for the energy conservation) and employs a variational principle which automatically provides all the conservation laws through the Noether theorem. The equations derived here can be applied in certain transition layers such as the stellarator transport barriers caused by the transition between the electron and ion root regimes. The theory may also be of interest for the edge plasma, where the nonlinear terms in the quasineutrality equation could be relevant. The equations derived are simple enough and can readily be used in gyrokinetic codes.

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Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory with polarization drift

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Physics of Intrinsic Rotation in Flux-Driven ITG Turbulence

Physics of Intrinsic Rotation in Flux-Driven ITG Turbulence

Modern gyrokinetic formulation of collisional and turbulent transport in toroidally rotating plasmas

Higher-order energy-conserving gyrokinetic theory

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