Nonlinear gyrokinetic PIC simulations in stellarators with the code EUTERPE

Sánchez, E.; Mishchenko, A.; García-Regaña, J. M.; Kleiber, R.; Bottino, A.; Villard, L.

doi:10.1017/s0022377820000926

Cited by 26 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In future, a careful study of the noise correction and its effect on the stellarator zonal flow and turbulence, similar to Ref. [27], will be needed in the electromagnetic regime.…”

Section: Simulations In Shaped Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] for ORB5 and further detailed in Ref. [27] for EUTERPE. Following [16], γ Krook = 10 −4 ω ci is applied for the ions and for the electrons with only the zonal-flow conserving correction applied in ORB5 simulations, see Ref.…”

Section: Increasing Plasma Betamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We shall note that this paper represents the first attempt to simulate electromagnetic turbulence in the high-beta regime using ORB5. Previous works [32,26,27] dedicated to the noise control in ORB5 simulations used the adiabatic-electron electrostatic approximation. It is clear that more effort is needed to extend these earlier results to the electromagnetic regime.…”

Section: Increasing Plasma Betamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerics and computation in gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence with global particle-in-cell codes

Mishchenko,

Biancalani,

Bottino

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Electromagnetic turbulence is addressed in tokamak and stellarator plasmas with the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes ORB5 [E. Lanti et al, Comp. Phys. Comm, 251, 107072 (2020)] and EUTERPE [V. Kornilov et al, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 3196 (2004)]. The large-aspect-ratio tokamak, down-scaled ITER, and Wendelstein 7-X geometries are considered. The main goal is to increase the plasma beta, the machine size, the ion-to-electron mass ratio, as well as to include realistic-geometry features in such simulations. The associated numerical requirements and the computational cost for the cases on computer systems with massive GPU deployments are investigated. These are necessary steps to enable electromagnetic turbulence simulations in future reactor plasmas.

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“…In future, a careful study of the noise correction and its effect on the stellarator zonal flow and turbulence, similar to Ref. [27], will be needed in the electromagnetic regime.…”

Section: Simulations In Shaped Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Plasma Betamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Plasma Betamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerics and computation in gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence with global particle-in-cell codes

Mishchenko,

Biancalani,

Bottino

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The settings of the simulations are as follows. The electron temperature profile is flat, with T e = 4.25 keV, and density and ion temperature profiles, similar to those in [35] are used, which are given by the formula…”

Section: Linear Stability Of Itg Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gyrokinetic simulations in stellarators using different computational domains

Sánchez,

García-Regaña,

Navarro

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this work, we compare gyrokinetic simulations in stellarators using different computational domains, namely, flux tube, full-flux-surface, and radially global domains. Two problems are studied: the linear relaxation of zonal flows and the linear stability of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Simulations are carried out with the codes EUTERPE, GENE, GENE-3D, and stella in magnetic configurations of LHD and W7-X using adiabatic electrons. The zonal flow relaxation properties obtained in different flux tubes are found to differ with each other and with the radially global result, except for sufficiently long flux tubes, in general. The flux tube length required for convergence is configuration-dependent. Similarly, for ITG instabilities, different flux tubes provide different results, but the discrepancy between them diminishes with increasing flux tube length. Full-flux-surface and flux tube simulations show good agreement in the calculation of the growth rate and frequency of the most unstable modes in LHD, while for W7-X differences in the growth rates are found between the flux tube and the full-flux-surface domains. Radially global simulations provide results close to the full-flux-surface ones. The radial scale of unstable ITG modes is studied in global and flux tube simulations finding that in W7-X, the radial scale of the most unstable modes depends on the binormal wavenumber, while in LHD no clear dependency is found.

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“…Second, the focus of this paper is mostly to provide an empirical description of the different regimes of turbulence in relevant scenarios of operation, and the relation between measured fluctuations and the previously discussed parameters. In this sense, it must be stressed that general performance is determined by global turbulent transport, which is measured by power balance analysis [38,14], or only recently in stellarators, calculated by means of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations [39,33,40]. The relation between DR measurements of local fluctuations and such global turbulent transport is by no means trivial and, leaving aside some preliminary results which can be advanced from the data presented here, is considered out of the scope of this work and will be addressed at length in a forthcoming one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental characterization of core turbulence regimes in Wendelstein 7-X

Carralero,

Estrada,

Maragkoudakis

et al. 2021

Preprint

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First results from the optimized helias Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X) have shown that core transport is no longer mostly neoclassical, as is the case in previous kinds of stellarators. Instead, power balance analysis has shown that turbulent transport poses a serious limitation to the global performance of the machine. Several studies have found this particularly relevant for ion transport, with core ion temperatures becoming clamped at relatively low values of T i 1.7 keV, except in the few scenarios in which turbulence can be suppressed. In order to understand the precise turbulent mechanisms at play and thus design improved performance scenarios, it is important to have a clear understanding of the parametric dependencies of turbulent fluctuations, and the relation between them and turbulent transport. As a first step in this direction, in this work we use Doppler reflectometry measurements carried out during a number of relevant operational scenarios to provide a systematic characterization of ionscale (k ⊥ ρ i 1) density fluctuations in the core of W7-X. Then, we study the relation between fluctuation amplitude and plasma profiles and show how distinct regimes can be defined for the former, depending on normalized gradients

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Nonlinear gyrokinetic PIC simulations in stellarators with the code EUTERPE

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Numerics and computation in gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence with global particle-in-cell codes

Numerics and computation in gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence with global particle-in-cell codes

Gyrokinetic simulations in stellarators using different computational domains

An experimental characterization of core turbulence regimes in Wendelstein 7-X

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