Nonlinear Few‐Layer MXene‐Assisted All‐Optical Wavelength Conversion at Telecommunication Band

Abstract

logic operations, and buffering, are still lacking in practically usable forms. It is still challenging to improve the optical device performance for practical applications, including reducing footprint size, required optical power levels, and device performance regarding nonlinear transfer characteristics. Wavelength conversion between adjacent channels is one of the essential functions in advanced optical networks. As a crucial component in the optical communication system, alloptical wavelength converter should be with advantages of high speed, bit rate transparency, low chirp, and no extinction ratio degradation. [4,5] Wavelength conversion in the optical system was typically realized by utilizing the parametric nonlinear optical effect, including cross gain modulation (XGM), [6] four-wave mixing (FWM), [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and cross phase modulation (XPM) effect. [14,15] These nonlinear optical wavelength converters were typically realized in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). [6] By using the SOAs, the XGM-based method is highly power efficient and polarization independent but suffers from high extinction ratio degradation. Besides, only converted signal can be obtained in the desired wavelength through the XGM-based method. The XPM-based method can convert signal to the target wavelength with converted signal into a SOA-Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. [16] However, the input power of the XPM-based method is limited in a certain range and has to be integrated. FWM method is attractive because it is transparent to modulation format and capable of transmitting high bit rate signals. [6] FWM methods typically suffer from low conversion efficiency and fast decrease on efficiency as wavelength span increases. Researchers have also investigated other nonlinear optical methods to realize the wavelength conversion, such as highly nonlinear optical fiber, [17] nonlinear optical loop mirror, [18] optical filtering, [19] or based on time-domain holography [20] and so on. These previous methods suffer from high cost, unstable, bulky, or difficult to be compatible in the fiber system.In the last decade, novel materials-based optical devices are considered as an effective solution. Silicon was considered to be with great potential in the optical signal processing system as it is transparent at the near-and mid-infrared telecommunication regime and with high nonlinearity. [21][22][23][24] Silicon waveguides have been reported as optical wavelength converter in the photonic signal processing system. [25,26] For the all-optical applications utilizing the third-order nonlinear properties of Optical signal processing based on 2D materials is a hot topic which has attracted rising interests. As a novel class of 2D material, MXene is becoming a promising nonlinear photonics material. In this contribution, MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x , prepared by liquid acid etching method, is developed as a novel all-optical device by depositing on a microfiber, which shows an excellent nonlinear optical response at the telecommunicati...

Two-Dimensional Platinum Diselenide: Synthesis, Emerging Applications, and Future Challenges

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Ti2CTx MXene‐based all‐optical modulator

“…Recently, MXene NLO devices have been also demonstrated, for example, (a) ultrafast mode‐locked fiber lasers in the near‐infrared (NIR) regime that leveraged the saturable absorption of MXenes (Ti 3 CNT x , Ti 3 C 2 T x , Ti 2 CT x , and Mo 2 C); (b) photonic diode due to the low threshold of saturable absorption of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene; (c) all‐optical modulator and switcher based on the spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM) and cross‐phase modulation (XPM) effects of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene; and (d) wavelength conversion at telecommunication band through the four‐wave mixing employing Ti 3 C 2 T x . Because of the outstanding performance of Ti 3 C 2 T x in nonlinear devices, it is important to investigate the NLO properties of other MXenes such as Ti 2 CT x .…”

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