Nonlinear Excitation of ULF Atmosphere–Ionosphere Waves and Magnetic Perturbations Caused by ELF Seismic Acoustic Bursts

Grimalsky, V.; Koshevaya, S.; Pérez-Enríquez, R.; Kotsarenko, A.

doi:10.1238/physica.regular.067a00453

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the present paper, we continue the experimental and theoretical works (Parrot et al, 2007;Koshovyy, 1999;Kotsarenko et al, 1999;Koshevaya et al, 2005;Grimalsky et al, 2003) on the penetration of SWs excited by the PSG into the atmosphere and ionosphere. We formulate and solve the new problems not considered in previous papers (Koshevaya et al, 2005;Krasnov and Kuleshov, 2014;Rapoport, et al, 2004).…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

“…Moreover, in order to search the seismogenic effects in the ionosphere, it is necessary to unify the well-developed model of the electromagnetic channel to seismo-ionospheric coupling (Molchanov et al, 1995;Rapoport et al, 2004b;Grimalsky et al, 1999;Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004;Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013) with the model of the acoustic channel (Gokhberg and Shalimov, 2000;Rapoport et al, 2004aRapoport et al, , 2009Koshevaya et al, 2002;Grimalsky et al, 2003;Zettergren and Snively, 2015;Iyemori et al, 2015). Traditionally, AGWs and electromagnetic waves have been considered as the basis of two main competitive mechanisms of seismo-ionospheric coupling (Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013;Klimenko et al, 2011;Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach may help to investigate the acoustic signal effects in the ionosphere that should be released by the PSG (Soroka et al, 2006;Aramyan et al, 2008). In previous papers (Kotsarenko et al, 1999;Grimalsky et al, 2003;Koshevaya et al, 2005), the theory of the sound wave penetration produced by the two-frequency PSG has been proposed. Kotsarenko et al (1999) described the change in the ionosphere transparency for radio waves from galactic radio sources that is connected with the spatial resonance between the periodical variations in the plasma density caused by AGWs and the radio waves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

Rapoport¹,

Cheremnykh²,

Koshovy³

et al. 2017

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. We develop theoretical basics of active experiments with two beams of acoustic waves, radiated by a ground-based sound generator. These beams are transformed into atmospheric acoustic gravity waves (AGWs), which have parameters that enable them to penetrate to the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions where they influence the electron concentration of the ionosphere. Acoustic waves are generated by the ground-based parametric sound generator (PSG) at the two close frequencies. The main idea of the experiment is to design the output parameters of the PSG to build a cascade scheme of nonlinear wave frequency downshift transformations to provide the necessary conditions for their vertical propagation and to enable penetration to ionospheric altitudes. The PSG generates sound waves (SWs) with frequencies f 1 = 600 and f 2 = 625 Hz and large amplitudes (100-420 m s −1 ). Each of these waves is modulated with the frequency of 0.016 Hz. The novelty of the proposed analytical-numerical model is due to simultaneous accounting for nonlinearity, diffraction, losses, and dispersion and inclusion of the two-stage transformation (1) of the initial acoustic waves to the acoustic wave with the difference frequency f = f 2 − f 1 in the altitude ranges 0-0.1 km, in the strongly nonlinear regime, and (2) of the acoustic wave with the difference frequency to atmospheric acoustic gravity waves with the modulational frequency in the altitude ranges 0.1-20 km, which then reach the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions, in a practically linear regime. AGWs, nonlinearly transformed from the sound waves, launched by the two-frequency ground-based sound generator can increase the transparency of the ionosphere for the electromagnetic waves in HF (MHz) and VLF (kHz) ranges. The developed theoretical model can be used for interpreting an active experiment that includes the PSG impact on the atmosphere-ionosphere system, measurements of electromagnetic and acoustic fields, study of the variations in ionospheric transparency for the radio emissions from galactic radio sources, optical measurements, and the impact on atmospheric aerosols. The proposed approach can be useful for better understanding the mechanism of the acoustic channel of seismo-ionospheric coupling.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

Rapoport¹,

Cheremnykh²,

Koshovy³

et al. 2017

Ann. Geophys.

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“…If the signals are originating from subsurface near a hypocenter, then the idea of evanescent propagation like in Grimalsky et al (2003), or an analog to the seismic "head wave" discussed in Stein and Wysession (2003) that occurs at interfaces between layers of differing indices of refraction, might be a useful framework for discussing them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pulse Azimuth effect as seen in induction coil magnetometers located in California and Peru 2007–2010, and its possible association with earthquakes

Dunson

Bleier

Roth

et al. 2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The QuakeFinder network of magnetometers has recorded geomagnetic field activity in California since 2000. Established as an effort to follow up observations of ULF activity reported from before and after the M = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 by Stanford University, the QuakeFinder network has over 50 sites, fifteen of which are high-resolution QF1005 and QF1007 systems. Pairs of highresolution sites have also been installed in Peru and Taiwan.Increases in pulse activity preceding nearby seismic events are followed by decreases in activity afterwards in the three cases that are discussed here. In addition, longer term data is shown, revealing a rich signal structure not previously known in QuakeFinder data, or by many other authors who have reported on pre-seismic ULF phenomena. These pulses occur as separate ensembles, with demonstrable repeatability and uniqueness across a number of properties such as waveform, angle of arrival, amplitude, and duration. Yet they appear to arrive with exponentially distributed inter-arrival times, which indicates a Poisson process rather than a periodic, i.e., stationary process.These pulses were observed using three-axis induction coil magnetometers that are buried 1-2 m under the surface of the Earth. Our sites use a Nyquist frequency of 16 Hertz (25 Hertz for the new QF1007 units), and they record these pulses at amplitudes from 0.1 to 20 nano-Tesla with durations of 0.1 to 12 s. They are predominantly unipolar pulses, which may imply charge migration, and they are stronger in the two horizontal (north-south and east-west) channels than they are in the vertical channels. Pulses have been seen to occur in bursts lasting many hours. The pulses have large Correspondence to: J. C. Dunson (cdunson@quakefinder.com) amplitudes and study of the three-axis data shows that the amplitude ratios of the pulses taken from pairs of orthogonal coils is stable across the bursts, suggesting a similar source. This paper presents three instances of increases in pulse activity in the 30 days prior to an earthquake, which are each followed by steep declines after the event. The pulses are shown, methods of detecting the pulses and calculating their azimuths is developed and discussed, and then the paper is closed with a brief look at future work.

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“…When the transverse scale ρ 0 ∼1-10 km, the diffraction is not essential for the ELF wave but it can decrease the peak amplitudes of the ULF part. The results of the numerical simulations are analogous to the nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in the lithosphere, but the frequency range is lower and the vertical scales are greater (see Grimalsky et al, 2003). The simulations have shown that there is an effective nonlinear interaction of the ELF and ULF atmospheric acoustic waves and a nonlinear excitation of the ULF atmosphereionosphere waves caused by the ELF seismic acoustic bursts on the surface of the Earth.…”

Section: Nonlinear Passage Through the Lithospherementioning

confidence: 71%

Spectrum of the seismic-electromagnetic and acoustic waves caused by seismic and volcano activity

Koshevaya

Makarets

Grimalsky

et al. 2005

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Part of Special Issue "Precursory phenomena, seismic hazard evaluation and seismo-tectonic electromagnetic effects" Abstract.Modeling of the spectrum of the seismoelectromagnetic and acoustic waves, caused by seismic and volcanic activity, has been done. This spectrum includes the Electromagnetic Emission (EME, due to fracturing piezoelectrics in rocks) and the Acoustic Emission (AE, caused by the excitation and the nonlinear passage of acoustic waves through the Earth's crust, the atmosphere, and the ionosphere). The investigated mechanism of the EME uses the model of fracturing and the crack motion. For its analysis, we consider a piezoelectric crystal under mechanical stresses, which cause the uniform crack motion, and, consequently, in the vicinity of the moving crack also cause non-stationary polarization currents. A possible spectrum of EME has been estimated. The underground fractures produce Very Low (VLF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) acoustic waves, while the acoustic waves at higher frequencies present high losses and, on the Earth's surface, they are quite small and are not registered. The VLF acoustic wave is subject to nonlinearity under passage through the lithosphere that leads to the generation of higher harmonics and also frequency downconversion, namely, increasing the ELF acoustic component on the Earth's surface. In turn, a nonlinear propagation of ELF acoustic wave in the atmosphere and the ionosphere leads to emerging the ultra low frequency (ULF) acoustogravity waves in the ionosphere and possible local excitation of plasma waves.

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Nonlinear Excitation of ULF Atmosphere–Ionosphere Waves and Magnetic Perturbations Caused by ELF Seismic Acoustic Bursts

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

The Pulse Azimuth effect as seen in induction coil magnetometers located in California and Peru 2007–2010, and its possible association with earthquakes

Spectrum of the seismic-electromagnetic and acoustic waves caused by seismic and volcano activity

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