“…Since the pioneering work of Hoffman [19], this notion (and its local version) have played an important role in many areas in mathematical programming and variational analysis (see the excellent surveys [23,31] for results before 1997, and for more recent results see [1,2,7,10,12,27,28,29,30,36] and references therein). The earlier results all are either under certain convexity assumption or restricted to the special case when n = 1.…”