Nonlinear EEG signatures of mind wandering during breath focus meditation

Lu, Yiqing; Rodriguez‐Larios, Julio

doi:10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100056

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Our analysis did not show significant group differences in these types of signal entropy measures (although non-dynamic entropy-related features which were used to quantify properties of the distributional shape did show differences between the groups, and entropy-related features used to quantify variation in predictability across windows as sliding-window stationarity did show differences between the groups). The lack of difference between meditators and non-meditators in these signal entropy measures is in contrast with some previous research, which has reported higher Sample Entropy or Lempel–Ziv complexity both during the meditation state and in long-term meditators compared to non-meditators or novice meditators (Lu & Rodriguez-Larios, 2022; Vivot et al, 2020). There are differences in data pre-processing between our research and previous research, with previous research examining data from electrodes rather than analysing principal components, which may explain this conflict with previous research.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Uncovering a stability signature of brain dynamics associated with meditation experience using massive time-series feature extraction

Bailey

Fulcher

Caldwell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Previous research has examined resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data to explore brain activity related to meditation. However, this research has mostly examined power in different frequency bands. Here we compared >7000 time-series features of the EEG signal to comprehensively characterize brain activity differences between meditators and non-meditators. Eyes-closed resting-state EEG data from 49 meditators and 46 non-meditators was decomposed into the top eight principal components (PCs). We extracted 7,381 time-series features from each PC and each participant and used them to train classification algorithms to identify meditators. Highly differentiating individual features from successful classifiers were analysed in detail. Only the third PC showed above-chance classification accuracy (67%, pFDR = 0.007), for which 405 features significantly distinguished meditators (all pFDR < 0.05). Top-performing features indicated that meditators exhibited more consistent statistical properties across shorter subsegments of their EEG time-series (higher stationarity) and displayed an altered distributional shape of values about the mean. By contrast, classifiers trained with traditional band-power measures did not distinguish the groups (pFDR > 0.05). Our novel analysis approach suggests the key signatures of meditators' brain activity are higher temporal stability and a distribution of time-series values suggestive of longer, larger, or more frequent non-outlying voltage deviations from the mean within the third PC of their EEG data. The higher temporal stability observed in this EEG component might underpin the higher attentional stability associated with meditation. The novel time-series properties identified here have considerable potential for future exploration in meditation research and the analysis of neural dynamics more broadly.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Uncovering a stability signature of brain dynamics associated with meditation experience using massive time-series feature extraction

Bailey

Fulcher

Caldwell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In most cases, IPD was accompanied by documentation, code, or other materials that enabled us to extract, manipulate, and analyze the within-person trial-level mind-wandering data. On several occasions, IPD was extracted directly from data files associated with electroencephalographic recordings (i.e., Dhindsa et al, 2019; Lu & Rodriguez-Larios, 2022; Rodriguez-Larios & Alaerts, 2021). There were also several instances of IPD that were excluded because we were not able to manipulate or analyze the trial-level data due to a lack of documentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind-wandering increases in frequency over time during task performance: An individual-participant meta-analytic review.

Zanesco,

Denkova,

Jha

2024

Psychological Bulletin

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“…Meditation is a practice that involves focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity in order to achieve a state of relaxation or inner peace (Kokoszka 2007;Lu and Rodriguez-Larios 2022). This practice of meditation as a primary state of consciousness may involve a reduced awareness of external stimuli and an increased focus on the internal experiences and sensations of the meditator (Barmark and Gaunitz 1979).…”

Section: Mild Forms Of Primary States and Their Inducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary States of Consciousness: A Review of Historical and Contemporary Developments

Schoeller¹

2023

Preprint

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This article discusses the concept of primary states of consciousness and their potential importance in shaping the human experience and cognition. In psychiatry, primary states are conceived as phylogenetically older states of consciousness as compared to secondary states governed by sociocultural inhibition. We review the historical development of the concept and its relationship to psychological theories of consciousness. We present a model of primary states characterized by a fusion of emotion, language, and behavior, and compare their occurrences in different contexts. We also discuss the agents inducing primary states, including psychotomimetic drugs and religious rituals, and conclude with some ethical considerations of inducing primary states in the laboratory.

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Nonlinear EEG signatures of mind wandering during breath focus meditation

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Uncovering a stability signature of brain dynamics associated with meditation experience using massive time-series feature extraction

Uncovering a stability signature of brain dynamics associated with meditation experience using massive time-series feature extraction

Mind-wandering increases in frequency over time during task performance: An individual-participant meta-analytic review.

Primary States of Consciousness: A Review of Historical and Contemporary Developments

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