A falling liquid film can serve as a paradigm for the study of open flow hydrodynamic systems. This is because: (i) the flow is nearly parallel, unlike other hydrodynamic systems, e.g., jets that break up into drops; (ii) it can be studied experimentally relatively easily; (iii) the Reynolds number is small-to-moderate, which makes the problem amenable to theoretical analysis.In fact, falling liquid films have several similarities with many other hydrodynamic systems. The analogy with boundary layer flows has already been emphasized in the modeling approaches described in Chaps. 4 and 6, while similarities with the three-dimensional instabilities developed in boundary layer flows will be discussed in Chap. 8. Similarities can also be found with the propagation of bores in rivers (in the "torrential regime"), a topic that will be discussed in this chapter.More importantly, falling film flows offer an excellent opportunity for the theoretical study of the route toward spatio-temporal disorder and the specific events characterizing its development, not only in open flow hydrodynamic systems but other nonlinear systems as well. The wide variety of phenomena that can be investigated with falling film flows are: (i) development of convective instabilities; (ii) spatial response to external perturbations; (iii) development of traveling waves; (iv) competition/interplay between different instability mechanisms, e.g., for the problem of a heated film; (v) "condensation" phenomena such as formation of bound states, i.e., well-defined and robust groups of coherent structures. Figure 7.1 shows a snapshot of the thickness of the film at the end of a simulation of a naturally excited wavy motion. The initial growth of the waves at the inlet is rapidly followed by a wavy regime where localized structures are separated by relatively large portions of nearly flat films. Subsequently, the dynamics on the film is dominated by these dissipative structures, which seem to organize the flow. The dynamics is therefore "weakly disordered" and the spatial evolution of the film is an example of weak/dissipative turbulence in the Manneville sense [177]. Isolated waves look like tear drops made of a large-amplitude hump preceded by small capillary ripples, also referred to as radiation, as noted in previous chapters. These waves resemble the infinite-domain solitary waves we have already encountered at several places in this monograph. The evolution of the film is therefore dominated by solitary-like coherent structures, which are stable and robust and interact indefinitely with each other as "quasi-particles."Increasing the Reynolds number in the simulation of Fig. 7.1 makes the interface appear more complicated, but despite the apparent complexity one can still identify solitary-like coherent structures in what appears to be a randomly disturbed surface. It is then essential that in order to understand the spatio-temporal evolution of the film, we fully understand the properties of individual solitary waves, which in turn can help us unde...