Nonlinear Controller Analysis of Fuel Cell–Battery–Ultracapacitor-based Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in Electric Vehicles

Armghan, Hammad; Ahmad, Iftikhar; Kamran, Ali; Munir, Muhammad Faizan; Khan, Shahan Zeb; Armghan, Ammar

doi:10.1007/s13369-018-3137-y

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…If a control system is devised such that there is perfect tracking of required output voltage at load side and current flowing through the inductors with little to no ripple, this will help the cause. The power electronics [15] is complicated due the adoption of two power converters at a some time which makes management from control side difficult, added cost due to increased number of elements and package bulky. Fig.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Control of PV-FC Electric Vehicle using Lyapunov based Theory

Hayat¹,

Ahmed²,

Tanveer-ul-Haq³

et al. 2019

IJACSA

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Lyapunov based control is used to test whether a dynamical system is asymptotically stable or not. The control strategy is based on linearization of system. A Lyapunov function is constructed to obtain a stabilizing feedback controller. This paper deals with Lyapunov based control of multiple input single output system for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Generally, an electric vehicle has an energy management system (EMS), an inverter, a DC-DC converter and a traction motor for the operation of its wheels. The control action is applied on the DC-DC converter, which works side-by-side with the EMS of the electric vehicle. The input sources considered in this study are: photo-voltaic (PV) panel, fuel cell and high voltage lithiumion (Li-ion) battery. PV cell and fuel cell are considered as the primary sources of energy and the battery is considered as the secondary source. The converter used is a DC-DC boost converter which is connected with all the three sources. The idea follows the basic HEV principle in which multiple sources are incorporated to satisfy the power demands of the vehicle, using a DC-DC converter and an inverter, to operate its traction motor. The target is to achieve necessary tracking of all input source currents and output voltage, and fulfill the power demand of the HEV under severe load transients. The operations of the DC-DC converter are divided into three stages, each representing a different combination of the input sources. The analysis and proof of the stability of the HEV system is done using the Lyapunov stability theory.The results are discussed in the conclusion.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an HEV, multiple input sources require a power unification scheme of at least two or three power sources at the same time [15]. The combination of the active sources solely depends on the HEV's load demand and our control strategy which is operated through the EMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Control of PV-FC Electric Vehicle using Lyapunov based Theory

Hayat¹,

Ahmed²,

Tanveer-ul-Haq³

et al. 2019

IJACSA

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“…Parallel Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) modeling and control has been done in [16]. With regards to nonlinear controllers, Lyapunov based controller has been proposed in [17] and sliding mode controller for FHEV has been proposed in [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FHEV modeled with fuel cell and ultracapacitor based HESS have been proposed in [19], [20], whereas ultracapacitor and battery based HESS in [21]. An updated model which uses all three sources: fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery as HESS has been proposed in [17], [22]. This model uses fuel cell as primary source while ultracapacitor and battery act as auxiliary sources to store energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Integral Backstepping Control for Unified Model of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

et al. 2020

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Exponential decrease in oil and natural gas resources, increasing global warming issues and insufficiency of fossil fuels has shifted the focus to fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FHEVs). FHEV model used in this work consists of fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery. Non-linearities present in the vehicle model dominate because of extreme driving conditions like rough terrains, slippery roads or hilly areas. Behavior of components like energy sources, induction motors and power processing blocks deviate significantly from their normal behavior when driving in highly demanding situations. To tackle these shortcomings, non-linear controllers are preferred because of their efficiency. In literature, different controllers have been proposed for either the energy sources or the induction motor separately, whereas this research work focuses on a unified hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model to simultaneously control the energy sources and the induction motor. The model used is a complete representation of electric system of FHEV and increases the performance of the vehicle. This unified model provides improved DC bus voltage regulation along with speed tracking when subjected to European extra urban drive cycle (EUDC). In this work, Robust Integral Backstepping and Robust Backstepping controllers have been designed. Lyapunov based analysis ensures the global stability of the system. Performance of proposed controllers is validated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A comparative analysis is also given to illustrate the importance of the unified model proposed in this work. INDEX TERMS Hybrid electric vehicles, unified model, non-linear control, integral backstepping control, backstepping control, stabilizing functions.

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“…Some of the conventional methods used in HEVs based ESS are given as follows: Energy management strategy in two propulsion based powertrain by using fuzzy-logic supervisory WT-based frequency decoupling strategy [14]. Accurate DC bus voltage regulation and the battery and UC current to the reference values are rapidly tracked by Lyapunov theory [15]. The future load demand of the vehicle is identified by the predictive algorithm which utilizes state based approaches inspired from power systems optimization [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Komarappa¹,

Lakshmikantha²

2019

IJIES

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Energy Storage System (ESS) is an essential component in the Electric Vehicles (EVs) because of its high power and high energy density. In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), the Hybrid ESS (HESS) is introduced to resolve the problem occurs due to single energy storage system. This HESS is utilized for achieving high power and energy simultaneously. In this paper, the HESS is used in HEVs to improve energy management over the vehicles. The HESS is the combination of battery and Ultra-Capacitor (UC). Here the Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery is used as a primary energy source and UC is used as a secondary energy source. The energy management over the HEVs made by an effective Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based controller which is utilized for handling the charging and discharging operation of the ultra-capacitor. The operating mode of UC using ANN is mainly based on the State of Charge (SOC) from the battery at each iteration. The UC is on, when the SOC of the battery is less than 60%, it shows that the battery does not have the capacity to achieve the load requirement of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The performance of the proposed system analysed in terms of speed, torque and current. Then it evaluated by using the system with ANN and without ANN. The motor speed and vehicle speed of the HEV with ANN at 70 Sec improved 8% and 9.38%, respectively compared to the HEV without ANN.

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Nonlinear Controller Analysis of Fuel Cell–Battery–Ultracapacitor-based Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in Electric Vehicles

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Hybrid Control of PV-FC Electric Vehicle using Lyapunov based Theory

Hybrid Control of PV-FC Electric Vehicle using Lyapunov based Theory

Robust Integral Backstepping Control for Unified Model of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Power Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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