Nonlinear characterization of Ge_28Sb_12Se_60 bulk and waveguide devices

Abstract

Single-mode Ge₂₈Sb₁₂Se₆₀ strip waveguides, fabricated with thermal evaporation and lift-off, were demonstrated at 1.03 µm. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of these waveguides were shown to be similar to bulk samples, with differences attributed to small variations in composition of ~4 atomic % or less. From z-scan measurements at 1.03 µm using circularly polarized, ~200 fs pulses at 374 kHz, Ge₂₈Sb₁₂Se₆₀ was found to have a nonlinear refractive index ~130 x fused silica and a two-photon absorption coefficient of 3.5 cm/GW. Given the large two-photon absorption coefficient, this material shows promise for optical limiting applications at 1 µm.

Monolithic On-chip Magneto-optical Isolator with 3 dB Insertion Loss and 40 dB Isolation Ratio

“…The chemical stability and optical transparency of GeSbSe glasses have also been experimentally established. 42,43 Moreover, we have already matured fabrication protocols for low-loss ChG photonic devices including on-chip resonators with quality factors (Qfactors) exceeding one million 44 and applied the technique to realize a wide array of functional photonic components and systems. 45−48 The low deposition and processing temperatures of ChG further mitigates the risk of film cracking or delamination due to thermal stress accumulation.…”

“…The glass has a refractive index of 2.7 near 1550 nm wavelength, close to the optimal value of 2.6. The chemical stability and optical transparency of GeSbSe glasses have also been experimentally established. , Moreover, we have already matured fabrication protocols for low-loss ChG photonic devices including on-chip resonators with quality factors (Q-factors) exceeding one million and applied the technique to realize a wide array of functional photonic components and systems. − The low deposition and processing temperatures of ChG further mitigates the risk of film cracking or delamination due to thermal stress accumulation . We note that the isolator architecture is, however, generic and can also make use of other low-loss deposited dielectric materials such as silicon nitride and amorphous silicon as the waveguide core.…”

Filling in the missing link: monolithic optical isolators on silicon with high performance, broadband operation, and polarization diversity

“…The glass has a refractive index of 2.7 near 1550 nm wavelength, close to the optimal value of 2.6. The chemical stability and optical transparency of GeSbSe glasses have also been experimentally established [44][45][46][47] . Moreover, we have already matured fabrication protocols for low-loss ChG photonic devices including on-chip resonators with quality factors (Q-factors) exceeding one million 48 and applied the technique to realize a wide array of functional photonic components and systems [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] .…”

High quality chalcogenide-silica hybrid wedge resonator

“…High-Q optical microresonators, with the ability to confine optical fields inside a small volume for a long period of time, are essential building blocks for a wide variety of applications. These include label-free biosensors [1], integrated photonic devices [2], and freqeuncy combs [3,4]. Devices have been demonstrated in a variety of materials including silicon [5], silica [6], lithium niobate [7], and silicon carbide [8].…”

“…ChGs contain one or more chalcogen elements, and have many favorable optical properties including high refractive index, strong optical nonlinearity, wide infrared transparency (up to ~20um), and low nonlinear loss [4,[9][10][11]. ChGs can also be deposited at low temperature on a wide variety of substrates.…”