Nonlinear Bridge for Electrothermal Measurements

Rosenthal, Louis A.

doi:10.1063/1.1719834

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…If F 0 depends on a parameter Λ analogous to our capacitor thickness, it is possible to design a bridge in which each arm contains an experimental unit with two different values of Λ. Again, the advantage of such a bridge with respect to a bridge where the sample response is balanced by the response of an impedance [10,25,35,37,43,45] (or possibly with two sources as discussed in section III C) is that if χ 1 depends on the frequency, the equilibration at 1ω implies also an equilibration at nω. Among the possible applications of this principle, we can think of a bridge devoted to the measurement of the non linear magnetic susceptibility: The capacitors of our bridge would be replaced by coils with sample cores, and the Λ parameter would be the number of turns of the coils.…”

Section: Possible Developments Of the Two Samples Bridge Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A bridge technique has been often used: The first arm of the bridge contains the sample under study, and the second arm a well known impedance with zero nonlinear response [43]. This is the case for specific heat spectroscopy based on thermal diffusion into a thick sample from a thin metallic film that serves simultaneously as heater and thermometer [37,44,46] or similarly for the study of a heating resistor where the third harmonics is related to its electrothermal parameters [35,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding nonlinear effects allowed decisive breakthrough in condensed matter physics. Spin glasses [1,2,3,4,5,6], ferroelectric, freezing, or dipolar glass transitions [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], isotropic-liquid crystal transition [20,21] or binary mixtures [22,23], superconductivity [24,25,26,27,28,29], field [30,31,32,33,34] or heating [35,36,37,38,39,40] effects in electrical transport, heating due to electric field excitation of supercooled liquids [41,42] are a few among many topics where non linear measurements have proven to be a precious tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…harmonics signal [7,10,25,31,35,37,43,44,45,46]. A bridge technique has been often used: The first arm of the bridge contains the sample under study, and the second arm a well known impedance with zero nonlinear response [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for measuring the nonlinear response in dielectric spectroscopy through third harmonics detection

Thibierge

L’Hôte

Ladieu

et al. 2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present a high sensitivity method allowing the measurement of the non linear dielectric susceptibility of an insulating material at finite frequency. It has been developped for the study of dynamic heterogeneities in supercooled liquids using dielectric spectroscopy at frequencies 0.05 Hz≤ f ≤ 3 × 10 4 Hz . It relies on the measurement of the third harmonics component of the current flowing out of a capacitor. We first show that standard laboratory electronics (amplifiers and voltage sources) nonlinearities lead to limits on the third harmonics measurements that preclude reaching the level needed by our physical goal, a ratio of the third harmonics to the fundamental signal about 10 −7 . We show that reaching such a sensitivity needs a method able to get rid of the nonlinear contributions both of the measuring device (lock-in amplifier) and of the excitation voltage source. A bridge using two sources fulfills only the first of these two requirements, but allows to measure the nonlinearities of the sources. Our final method is based on a bridge with two plane capacitors characterized by different dielectric layer thicknesses. It gets rid of the source and amplifier nonlinearities because in spite of a strong frequency dependence of the capacitors impedance, it is equilibrated at any frequency. We present the first measurements of the physical nonlinear response using our method. Two extensions of the method are suggested. * Electronic address: denis.lhote@cea.fr † Electronic address: francois.ladieu@cea.fr

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Section: Possible Developments Of the Two Samples Bridge Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for measuring the nonlinear response in dielectric spectroscopy through third harmonics detection

Thibierge

L’Hôte

Ladieu

et al. 2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Electrothermal analysis as a tool for Designing Electric Detonator Firing Circuits

Austing

Tulis

Schmitt

et al. 1984

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The use of modified forms of the Rosenthal electrothermal equation to aid in the design of a capacitor discharge firing circuit for a specific detonator is described. The electrothermal parameters Cp and γ, representing the heat capacity of the bridge and the heat loss factor, respectively, were calculated from previously obtained firing data for the detonator. These calculations provided input to the design of a firing circuit utilizing electrolytic capacitors, which have a large value of electrical capacity but also a non‐negligible internal resistance. Calculations were performed which (1) revealed the degrading effect on detonator initiation caused by too large a value of internal resistance, and (2) permitted selection of a particular capacitor that would allow reliable functioning of the detonator with initiation times of about 230 μs. The circuit was designed utilizing this capacitor, and in the experimental evaluation of the circuit the measured initiation times were compared with the calculated values. Good agreement between the two was documented, and the conclusion was reached that the detonator functioned reliably. The merits of the electrothermal analysis and the assumptions utilized therein relative to a vigorous heat transfer/reaction kinetics modeling of the flow of energy from the bridge into the explosive flash charge are discussed in detail.

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Thermal coupling apparatus for electroexplosive devices

Menichelli

1975

Non-Destructive Testing

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Nonlinear Bridge for Electrothermal Measurements

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

A method for measuring the nonlinear response in dielectric spectroscopy through third harmonics detection

A method for measuring the nonlinear response in dielectric spectroscopy through third harmonics detection

Electrothermal analysis as a tool for Designing Electric Detonator Firing Circuits

Thermal coupling apparatus for electroexplosive devices

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