Nonlinear bending deformation of soft electrets and prospects for engineering flexoelectricity and transverse (<i>d</i><sub>31</sub>) piezoelectricity

Rahmati, Amir Hossein; Yang, Shengyou; Bauer, Siegfried; Sharma, Pradeep

doi:10.1039/c8sm01664j

Cited by 69 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…[ 36 ] Recent theoretical modeling has well‐explained the origins of the apparent piezoelectric, flexoelectric, and pyroelectric behavior in electrets (in otherwise nonpiezoelectric) materials due to the interaction of Maxwell stress (or electrostriction), deformation nonlinearity, and the presence of the charges or dipoles. [ 37–41 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO₂ with Apparent Piezoelectricity

et al. 2020

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Since graphene, a variety of 2D materials have been fabricated in a quest for a tantalizing combination of properties and desired physiochemical behavior. 2D materials that are piezoelectric, i.e., that allow for a facile conversion of electrical energy into mechanical and vice versa, offer applications for sensors, actuators, energy harvesting, stretchable and flexible electronics, and energy storage, among others. Unfortunately, materials must satisfy stringent symmetry requirements to be classified as piezoelectric. Here, 2D ultrathin single‐crystal molybdenum oxide (MoO2) flakes that exhibit unexpected piezoelectric‐like response are fabricated, as MoO2 is centrosymmetric and should not exhibit intrinsic piezoelectricity. However, it is demonstrated that the apparent piezoelectricity in 2D MoO2 emerges from an electret‐like behavior induced by the trapping and stabilization of charges around defects in the material. Arguably, the material represents the first 2D electret material and suggests a route to artificially engineer piezoelectricity in 2D crystals. Specifically, it is found that the maximum out‐of‐plane piezoresponse is 0.56 pm V−1, which is as strong as that observed in conventional 2D piezoelectric materials. The charges are found to be highly stable at room temperature with a trapping energy barrier of ≈2 eV.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO₂ with Apparent Piezoelectricity

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, under an external electric field, the influence of electrostatic forces on the resided charges (that mainly exist on the internal surfaces) generates the back‐and‐forth flow through the external load 11,12 . Experimental observations indicate that the quasi‐piezoelectric strain coefficient, d 33 , of polymer electret film can be comparable to that of lead zirconate titanates (PZTs), hence, rendering a safety recommendation to realize lead‐free electronics 13,14 . More importantly, polymer electrets have shown advantages such as cost‐effectiveness in preparation and low acoustic impedance matched to water and the human body, supporting their further potential applications in flexible (electromechanical) sensors and even electronic skins 15–19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer electrets and their applications

Wang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymer electrets have revealed great potential application in electromechanical devices because of the low weight, large quasi‐piezoelectric sensitivity, and excellent flexibility. For an electret, a permanent and macroscopic electric field exists on the surface, principally led by a macroscopic electrostatic charge on the surface or a net orientation of polar groups inside the object. Here, progress in the development of polymer electrets is reviewed. After a brief retrospect of the research courses and those typical polymer electrets that are classified into fluorine polymer and nonfluorine polymer, we present a survey on the charging methods, including corona, soft X‐ray, contact, thermal and monoenergetic particle beams. The latest representative applications (i.e., power harvesting, sensors, field effect transistors, and biomedicine) based on polymer electrets are also summarized. Finally, we complete this review with a discussion on perspectives and challenges in this field.

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“…Three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures that incorporate diverse functional materials have been attracting increasing interest, owing to their potential application opportunities in areas ranging from micro-electro-mechanical [1][2][3][4][5] and energy storage devices [6][7][8][9][10][11] to biomedical tools [12][13][14][15], electronics and optoelectronics [16][17][18][19], and metamaterials [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. To enable the formation of 3D mesostructures in high-quality electronic materials (e.g., inorganic semiconductors, metals, and dielectrics), a mechanically guided assembly approach was developed by exploiting precisely controlled compressive buckling of patterned 2D precursors that are selectively bonded to prestretched elastomer substrates [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inverse Design Method of Buckling-Guided Assembly for Ribbon-Type 3D Structures

Fan

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Mechanics

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Mechanically guided three-dimensional (3D) assembly based on the controlled buckling of pre-designed 2D thin-film precursors provides deterministic routes to complex 3D mesostructures in diverse functional materials, with access to a broad range of material types and length scales. Existing mechanics studies on this topic mainly focus on the forward problem that aims at predicting the configurations of assembled 3D structures, especially ribbon-shaped structures, given the configuration of initial 2D precursor and loading magnitude. The inverse design problem that maps the target 3D structure onto an unknown 2D precursor in the context of a prescribed loading method is essential for practical applications, but remains a challenge. This paper proposes a systematic optimization method to solve the inverse design of ribbon-type 3D geometries assembled through the buckling-guided approach. In addition to the torsional angle of the cross section, this method introduces the non-uniform width distribution of the initial ribbon structure and the loading mode as additional design variables, which can significantly enhance the optimization accuracy for reproducing the desired 3D centroid line of the target ribbon. Extension of this method allows the inverse design of entire 3D ribbon configurations with specific geometries, taking into account both the centroid line and the torsion for the cross section. Computational and experimental studies over a variety of elaborate examples, encompassing both the single-ribbon and ribbon-framework structures, demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the developed method.

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Nonlinear bending deformation of soft electrets and prospects for engineering flexoelectricity and transverse (d₃₁) piezoelectricity

Abstract: In this work, we analyze nonlinear bending deformation of a soft electret structure and examine the precise conditions that may lead to a strong emergent piezoelectric or flexoelectric response under bending.

Cited by 69 publications

References 61 publications

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO₂ with Apparent Piezoelectricity

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO₂ with Apparent Piezoelectricity

Polymer electrets and their applications

An Inverse Design Method of Buckling-Guided Assembly for Ribbon-Type 3D Structures

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Nonlinear bending deformation of soft electrets and prospects for engineering flexoelectricity and transverse (d31) piezoelectricity

Abstract: In this work, we analyze nonlinear bending deformation of a soft electret structure and examine the precise conditions that may lead to a strong emergent piezoelectric or flexoelectric response under bending.

Cited by 69 publications

References 61 publications

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO2 with Apparent Piezoelectricity

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO2 with Apparent Piezoelectricity

Polymer electrets and their applications

An Inverse Design Method of Buckling-Guided Assembly for Ribbon-Type 3D Structures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nonlinear bending deformation of soft electrets and prospects for engineering flexoelectricity and transverse (d₃₁) piezoelectricity

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO₂ with Apparent Piezoelectricity

2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO₂ with Apparent Piezoelectricity