Nonlinear behaviour of simple ionic systems in hydrogel in an electric field

Transient analysis of temperature-sensitive neutral hydrogels

“…Previous work (Li et al, 2004a, b;Wallmersperger et al, 2004;Zhou et al, 2002;Snita et al, 2001) has demonstrated that polyelectrolyte hydrogels exhibit a bending motion when exposed to an electric field. This bending motion is able to generate a force, which can be harnessed in e.g.…”

Parametrical studies of electroosmotic transport characteristics in submicrometer channels

“…In the limiting current region, a very narrow depletion layer (from the nanometer to the micrometer scale) of low electrical conductivity is formed at the channel end facing the anode (the channel inlet). This narrow layer is so-called ionic gate [45]. Until the system persists in the limiting current region, the ionic gate deepens in the range of several orders of magnitude and extends over the anolyte.…”

“…As improper spatial discretization can result in an unacceptable error of the numerical approximation, meshes of various densities were tested. We used two numerical solvers implemented in Femlab to analyze the model equations (40)- (45) with the appropriate boundary and initial conditions: (i) the nonlinear stationary solver femnlin (the applied voltage chosen as a parameter) and (ii) the time-dependent solver femtime (the applied voltage was increased very slowly during time stepping; i.e., the evolution integration was carried out). The time-dependent solver uses the daspk algorithm [43], which is based on the backward differentiation formulae.…”

Nonlinear phenomena and qualitative evaluation of risk of clogging in a capillary microreactor under imposed electric field

“…Yu et al [23] eliminated the Poisson equation from the mathematical description of precipitating reactions using the assumption of electroneutrality in the whole system. Lindner et al [32] andŠnita et al [33] proved that simple ionic systems can be far away from the electroneutrality under specific conditions (in the case of existence of phase-phase interfaces, fixed electric charge and/or steep concentration gradients). Hence we do not use the local electroneutrality assumption in the description of the system.…”