Nonischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated With Celiac Disease

Lee, Eric S.; Pulido, José S.

doi:10.4065/80.2.157

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thrombophilia may result from hyperhomocysteinemia and deficiencies in protein S, folate, and vitamin B2[ 40 - 42 ]. The thrombotic events in CD may also result from dehydration due to diarrhea[ 43 ]. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis can occur in CD patients[ 40 , 44 - 46 ], even in absence of gastrointestinal symptoms[ 45 ], but can resolve with symptomatic treatment[ 40 ].…”

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular involvement in celiac disease

et al. 2017

WJC

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Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune response to ingestion of gluten protein, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley grains, and results in both small intestinal manifestations, including villous atrophy, as well as systemic manifestations. The main treatment for the disease is a gluten-free diet (GFD), which typically results in the restoration of the small intestinal villi, and restoration of other affected organ systems, to their normal functioning. In an increasing number of recently published studies, there has been great interest in the occurrence of alterations in the cardiovascular system in untreated CD. Herein, published studies in which CD and cardiovascular terms appear in the title of the study were reviewed. The publications were categorized into one of several types: (1) articles (including cohort and case-control studies); (2) reviews and meta-analyses; (3) case studies (one to three patient reports); (4) letters; (5) editorials; and (6) abstracts (used when no full-length work had been published). The studies were subdivided as either heart or vascular studies, and were further characterized by the particular condition that was evident in conjunction with CD. Publication information was determined using the Google Scholar search tool. For each publication, its type and year of publication were tabulated. Salient information from each article was then compiled. It was determined that there has been a sharp increase in the number of CD - cardiovascular studies since 2000. Most of the publications are either of the type “article” or “case study”. The largest number of documents published concerned CD in conjunction with cardiomyopathy (33 studies), and there have also been substantial numbers of studies published on CD and thrombosis (27), cardiovascular risk (17), atherosclerosis (13), stroke (12), arterial function (11), and ischemic heart disease (11). Based on the published research, it can be concluded that many types of cardiovascular issues can occur in untreated CD patients, but that most tend to resolve on a GFD, often in conjunction with the healing of small intestinal villous atrophy. However, in some cases the alterations are irreversible, underscoring the need for CD screening and treatment when cardiovascular issues arise of unknown etiology.

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Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular involvement in celiac disease

et al. 2017

WJC

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“…[88][89][90] Only a few case reports have included patients with thrombosis on the arterial side of the circulation, and in those cases the role of CD in the mechanism of the thrombosis was uncertain. [91][92][93] Coagulopathy CD can be associated with abnormalities in coagulation factors resulting in an abnormal bleeding tendency. Malabsorption of vitamin K is common in chronic gastrointestinal disorders.…”

Section: Venous and Arterial Thromboembolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic manifestations of celiac disease

Halfdanarson¹,

Litzow²,

Murray

2006

Blood

320

281

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Celiac disease is a common systemic disorder that can have multiple hematologic manifestations. Patients with celiac disease may present to hematologists for evaluation of various hematologic problems prior to receiving a diagnosis of celiac disease. Anemia secondary to malabsorption of iron, folic acid, and/or vitamin B12 is a common complication of celiac disease and many patients have anemia at the time of diagnosis. Celiac disease may also be associated with thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, venous thromboembolism, hyposplenism, and IgA deficiency. Patients with celiac disease are at increased risk of being diagnosed with lymphoma, especially of the T-cell type. The risk is highest for enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (ETL) and B-cell lymphoma of the gut, but extraintestinal lymphomas can also be seen. ETL is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis, but strict adherence to a gluten-free diet may prevent its occurrence.

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“…Studies have shown that prothrombotic risk factors are addi- tive; therefore, patients with MS may be predisposed, and the addition of interferon treatment and other factors may cause thrombosis. 11,12 Interferon-␣-associated retinopathy has been reported to resolve spontaneously, usually not requiring discontinuation of treatment. Treatment was continued in all our cases, and the microvascular changes seen in two patients persisted ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%