Noninvasive Tests for Bladder Cancer Detection and Surveillance: A Systematic Review of Commercially Available Assays
John R. Heard,
Anirban P. Mitra
Abstract:BACKGROUND: An important reason for the high health care costs associated with bladder cancer is the need for frequent cystoscopy for detection and surveillance of this disease. Cytologic analysis of voided urine specimens can assist, but is too inaccurate to replace cystoscopy. In an effort to create reliable, objective, noninvasive mechanisms for detecting bladder cancer, a number of urine-based molecular tests have been developed with the ultimate goal of reducing the frequency of cystoscopy. OBJECTIVE: To … Show more
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