Noninvasive Measurement of Renal Hemodynamic Functions Using Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

CMR 2007: 12.01: Utilization of small molecular weight extracellular fluid markers, such as MR contrast media, to noninvasively acquire single kidney glomerular filtration rate: findings in human subjects with a solitary kidney

“…The deviation between the MR estimation of skGFR and 24 h creatinine clearance was 41.0%. Conclusion: The current study and prior reports along similar lines suggest that MR is a promising tool for the rapid, noninvasive and simultaneous assessment of both renal anatomy and function [1][2][3]. This …”

“…All these approaches can be efficiently used and combined to evaluate the lung function in small animal models (rat, mouse) for numerous physio-pathological situations: inflammation, emphysema, embolism, exposure to pollutants. The implementation of non-invasive imaging [1] procedures makes the techniques especially appropriate for drug discovery and development applied to lung diseases and for the longitudinal evaluation of chronic lung diseases. Methods: MRI experiments were performed on a small-bore 2 T magnet.…”

Noninvasive Measurement of Extraction Fraction and Single-Kidney Glomerular Filtration Rate with MR Imaging in Swine with Surgically Created Renal Arterial Stenoses

“…An MR imaging-based technique to measure extraction of gadopentetate dimeglumine by the kidney, as well as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), has been described (7,8), but to our knowledge, the technique has yet to be used to study ischemia. In vivo measurement of extraction fraction (EF) with MR imaging makes use of the fact that diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid, or DTPA, is a marker of glomerular filtration (9) and that this acid tagged with gadolinium (gadopentetate dimeglumine) shortens the T1 relaxation time of blood (7,8,10,11). If accurate in depicting renal function, MR imaging as a single examination should have the potential to better guide treatment of RAS by providing both anatomic and physiologic information.…”

MR determination of glomerular filtration rate in subjects with solitary kidneys in comparison to clinical standards of renal function: feasibility and preliminary report

“…Other MR techniques that have been studied and proposed to estimate GFR include dynamic three-dimensional MR renography, the Rutland-Patlak plot technique (with both MR and CT), measurement of renal clearance of gadolinium-based contrast media from the extracellular fluid volume, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). All of the above listed techniques are in the developmental stages and have their own limitations.…”

“…Functional techniques that have been described include MR renography (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), the arterio-venous extraction (A/V) technique (13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), the Rutland-Patlak plot techniques (20,21), the MR gadolinium slope clearance measurement technique (22) and the dynamic MR perfusion functional assessment (23,24). Since the iodinated contrast media and gadolinium contrast media in current use are nearly identical in their pharmacokinetics and renal handling, either CT or MR provide competitive utilization.…”