Noninvasive Differentiation of Pulmonary Arterial and Venous Hypertension Using Conventional and Doppler Tissue Imaging Echocardiography

Contribution of Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction to Pulmonary Hypertension Complicating Chronic Systolic Heart Failure

“…It also should be noted that in the patients with PSP Ͻ45 mm Hg, an E/e= ratio Ն15 was present in 36%, whereas MV DT Յ150 ms and EROA Ն20 mm 2 were present in only 12% and 8%, respectively. By inference, that suggests the presence of elevated left-sided filling pressure and, therefore, the presence of postcapillary pulmonary venous hypertension and no apparent contribution of a pre-capillary pulmonary arterial hypertension component (20,21,24). It would thus appear that, in addition to age, the degree of LVDD and FMR are the most potent determinants of an elevation in PSP in this large cohort.…”

“…That allowed calculation of the effective mitral regurgitant orifice area (EROA), and in patients with no or trace mitral regurgitation by color flow imaging, the EROA was considered to be zero. Early transmitral flow velocity (E) and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e=) were measured with D-E in the apical 4-chamber view to provide an estimate of LV diastolic function and pulmonary pressure (21). The ratio of peak E to peak e= was calculated (mitral E/e= ratio) from the average of at least 3 cardiac cycles.…”

Echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart failure: A correlative and prognostic analysis

“…For example, Reindl et al [19] previously reported a significant relationship between the VE/VCO 2 slope and pulmonary pressures in a group of patients with HF. Given the strong relationship between E/E′ and pulmonary pressure, the relationship between ventilatory efficiency and this TDI variable is not surprising [20]. The relationships between echocardiography with TDI and CPX are not strong enough to make one method a surrogate for the other.…”

High prevalence of occult left heart disease in scleroderma-pulmonary hypertension

“…Left atrial dimension (parasternal long axis view at end-systole) is a reflection of chronic left atrial pressure, and of the left ventricular filling pressure in the absence of mitral disease. The early transmitral filling (E) to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e9) (E/e9) ratio was extracted, as this parameter is the most reliable echocardiographic index of LVEDP in haemodynamically stable patients in sinus rhythm, and has been shown to be a good discriminator between PAH and PVH [17,18]. The ratio between early (E) and late (atrial; A) filling was also extracted.…”