Noninvasive diagnosis of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni: A comprehensive review

Santos, Joelma Carvalho; Pereira, Caroline Louise Diniz; Domingues, Ana Lúcia Coutinho; Lopes, Edmundo Pessoa de Almeida

doi:10.4254/wjh.v14.i4.696

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…24 It is generally accepted that S. mansoni infection alone does not lead to cirrhosis and is known to be characterized by periportal fibrosis associated with portal hypertension in the presence of preserved liver parenchyma and function. 25 This, however, was not observed in our patients, ruling out the role of S. mansoni. A previous study performed in the same area reported toxic liver injury in patients with unknown etiology of the disease and found an association with khat consumption, a commonly used psychostimulant in the Horn of Africa, including Ethiopia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Liver Cirrhosis of Unknown Etiology and Its Predictors in Eastern Ethiopia

Mekuria,

Nedi,

Gong

et al. 2024

RMHP

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Background:The global burden of liver cirrhosis is increasing, with 2.1 million incident cases and nearly 1.5 million deaths in 2019. Despite the enormous progress in our understanding of the etiology of liver cirrhosis, significant cases of the disease have been reported in Eastern Ethiopia due to unidentified causes. Hence, this study aimed to identify predictors of liver cirrhosis of unknown etiology in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A score of 7 out of 11 possible points on the ultrasound-based cirrhosis scale was used as a diagnostic criterion to include 127 liver cirrhosis patients. The study participants' demographic, dietary, lifestyle, and clinical data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and standardized reporting forms. The associations between the outcome (known and unknown etiology) and independent variables were modeled using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The etiology of liver cirrhosis was known in only 23% of patients and attributed to hepatitis B virus (21%), hepatitis C virus (0.8%), and alcohol abuse (0.8%). Sorghum consumption as a staple food (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =3.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 12.5), splenomegaly (AOR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 14.4), and a family history of liver disease (AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.91) were significantly associated with liver cirrhosis of unknown etiology. Conclusion: Sorghum consumption was found to be the determinant factor of liver cirrhosis of unknown etiology, suggesting it as a possible source of exposure to aflatoxin B 1 .

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Liver Cirrhosis of Unknown Etiology and Its Predictors in Eastern Ethiopia

Mekuria,

Nedi,

Gong

et al. 2024

RMHP

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“…Hence, biomarkers tied to liver function cannot be used as a reference standard in the early stages of disease. There is significant motivation to adopt non-invasive methods, and indeed there now seems to be a consensus that ultrasound is the best available reference standard for schistosomal PPF staging [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis: A systematic scoping review

Ockenden,

Frischer,

Cheng

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Abdominal ultrasound imaging is an important method for hepatic schistosomiasis diagnosis and staging. Several ultrasound staging systems have been proposed, each attempting to standardise schistosomal periportal fibrosis (PPF) diagnosis. This review aims to establish the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and staging of schistosomal PPF, and to map the evolution of ultrasound staging systems over time, focusing on internal validation and external reproducibility. Methods A systematic search was undertaken on 21st December 2022 considering the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE (1946-present), Embase (1974-present), Global Health (1973-present), Global Index Medicus (1901-present), and Web of Science Core Collection–Science Citation Index Expanded (1900-present) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1996-present). Case reports, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and studies exclusively using transient or shear-wave elastography were excluded. Variables extracted included study design, study population, schistosomal PPF characteristics, and diagnostic methods. The PRISMA-ScR (2018) guidelines were followed to inform the structure of the scoping analysis. Results The initial search yielded 573 unique articles, of which 168 were removed after screening titles and abstracts, 43 were not retrieved due to full texts not being available online or through inter-library loans, and 170 were excluded during full text review. There were 192 remaining studies eligible for extraction. Of the extracted studies, 61.8% (76/123) of studies that reported study year were conducted after the year 2000. Over half of all extracted studies (59.4%; 114/192) were conducted in Brazil (26.0%; 50/192), China (18.8%; 36/192) or Egypt (14.6%; 28/192). For the species of schistosome considered, 77.6% (149/192) of studies considered S. mansoni and 21.4% (41/192) of studies considered S. japonicum. The ultrasound staging systems used took on three forms: measurement-based, feature-based and image pattern-based. The Niamey protocol, a measurement and image pattern-based system, was the most used among the staging systems (32.8%; 63/192), despite being the most recently proposed in 1996. The second most used was the Cairo protocol (20.8%; 40/192). Of the studies using the Niamey protocol, 77.8% (49/63) only used the image patterns element. Where ultrasound technology was specified, studies after 2000 were more likely to use convex transducers (43.4%; 33/76) than studies conducted before 2000 (32.7%; 16/49). Reporting on ultrasound-based hepatic diagnoses and their association with clinical severity was poor. Just over half of studies (56.2%; 108/192) reported the personnel acquiring the ultrasound images. A small number (9.4%; 18/192) of studies detailed their methods of image quality assurance, and 13.0% (25/192) referenced, discussed or quantified the inter- or intra-observer variation of the staging system that was used. Conclusions The exclusive use of the image patterns in many studies despite lack of specific acquisition guidance, the increasing number of studies over time that conduct ultrasound staging of schistosomal PPF, and the advances in ultrasound technology used since 2000 all indicate a need to consider an update to the Niamey protocol. The protocol update should simplify and prioritise what is to be assessed, advise on who is to conduct the ultrasound examination, and procedures for improved standardisation and external reproducibility.

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“… 5 , 6 Of these, S mansoni is considered a significant public health threat because of its chronic evolution. 7 Unfortunately, there is no vaccine available against human schistosomes. 8 - 10 Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug recommended to treat schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Assisted Discovery of Salvia fruticosa Compounds With Schistosomicidal Activity

Shoko,

Mandivenga

2024

Bioinform Biol Insights

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Schistosomiasis, otherwise known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a disease that usually affects poor people and people exposed to poor sanitation. The disease affects over 200 million people worldwide annually. Schistosomiasis has been treated using a single drug, praziquantel, since the 1970s and this is resulting in schistosomes becoming resistant. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antischistosoma drugs and vaccines. This study focuses on identifying potential antischistosomal compounds from the plant Salvia fruticosa. We virtually screened a library of 163 S fruticosa compounds by docking against Schistosoma mansoni sulfotransferase ( SmSULT) using the PyRx software. Docking scores ranged from −4.7 to −9.3 kcal/mol. Compounds with binding affinity of −7.6 or stronger were subjected to drug-likeness assessments using the DataWarrior software. We also employed the PAINS removal tool to filter off false-positive results. Twelve compounds passed the drug-likeness screen, and these were subjected to in silico toxicity predictions to determine their mutagenic, tumorigenic and reproductive potential. Seven compounds were predicted to be nontoxic. After considering the toxicity analysis results and drug scores of the compounds, we identified rosmarinic acid and hispidulin as qualifying for further evaluation as potential drugs against schistosomiasis. Free energy calculations using the fastDRH webserver and molecular dynamics simulations using CABS-flex showed that the receptor-ligand complexes for the 2 lead compounds are stable under physiological conditions. We recommend that rosmarinic acid and hispidulin be used as hit compounds for the development of potential antischistosomal drugs.

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Noninvasive diagnosis of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni: A comprehensive review

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Liver Cirrhosis of Unknown Etiology and Its Predictors in Eastern Ethiopia

Liver Cirrhosis of Unknown Etiology and Its Predictors in Eastern Ethiopia

The role of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis: A systematic scoping review

Computer-Assisted Discovery of Salvia fruticosa Compounds With Schistosomicidal Activity

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