Noninvasive blood potassium measurement using signal-processed, single-lead ecg acquired from a handheld smartphone

Abstract

Objective We have previously used a 12-lead, signal-processed ECG to calculate blood potassium levels. We now assess the feasibility of doing so with a smartphone-enabled single lead, to permit remote monitoring. Patients and methods Twenty-one hemodialysis patients held a smartphone equipped with inexpensive FDA-approved electrodes for three 2 min intervals during hemodialysis. Individualized potassium estimation models were generated for each patient. ECG-calculated potassium values were compared to blood potassium results at subsequent visits to evaluate the accuracy of the potassium estimation models. Results The mean absolute error between the estimated potassium and blood potassium 0.38 ± 0.32 mEq/L (9% of average potassium level) decreasing to 0.6 mEq/L using predictors of poor signal. Conclusions A single-lead ECG acquired using electrodes attached to a smartphone device can be processed to calculate the serum potassium with an error of 9% in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Summary A single-lead ECG acquired using electrodes attached to a smartphone can be processed to calculate the serum potassium in patients undergoing hemodialysis remotely.

Prospective validation of a deep learning electrocardiogram algorithm for the detection of left ventricular systolic dysfunction

“…However, we propose that this algorithm could facilitate screening using the ubiquitous and low‐cost 12‐lead ECG since disease screening is indicated when the condition is an important health problem, accepted treatments are available once the disease is recognized, there is a latent or early symptomatic phase, and the screening test is acceptable to the population . Furthermore, while this algorithm was developed on the routine 12‐lead ECG, it could potentially be applied to smartphone‐enabled electrodes, which would allow screening in nonmedical settings.…”

“…Furthermore, while this algorithm was developed on the routine 12-lead ECG, it could potentially be applied to smartphone-enabled electrodes,15 which would allow screening in nonmedical settings.The key to translating this algorithm to clinical practice will be anticipating the number of individuals requiring follow-up testing. Inthis study, 3.5% of patients with no prior echocardiogram were identified as a positive screen, which represents only 2% of the overall population of patients undergoing routine ECG.…”

Quantification and classification of potassium and calcium disorders with the electrocardiogram: What do clinical studies, modeling, and reconstruction tell us?

“…The proposed method was also applied to data from a handheld device by the same group. 82 This time, lead selection was not necessary anymore. 21 HD patients were screened using the ECG captured using a commercially available ECG electrode system measuring between two fingertips of both hands.…”

Noninvasive Monitoring of Potassium Fluctuations During the Long Interdialytic Interval

“…The performance of the proposed descriptor, , was compared to the descriptor introduced in [14]- [16], which was estimated as:…”

“…A pioneering 12-lead ECG-based descriptor, , was proposed for the quantification of serum potassium during HD [13]. Mayo Clinic researchers further enhanced the descriptor for use in a single-lead ECG, first precordial [14], [15], and later in lead-I acquired from a handheld device [16]. The descriptor was further compared to another descriptor, which evaluates the complete T-wave morphology [17], and studied under electrophysiological modeling [18].…”