Noninfectious Causes of Pregnancy Loss at the Late Embryonic/Early Fetal Stage in Dairy Cattle
Zoltán Szelényi,
Ottó Szenci,
Szilárd Bodó
et al.
Abstract:In cattle, initial pregnancy diagnosis takes place during the late embryonic/early fetal stage of gestation. From this point onward, pregnancy loss may occur in up to one fifth of pregnancies before the initial pregnancy diagnosis is confirmed. This means the early identification of risk factors is a key part of pregnancy diagnosis and herd management. The various factors responsible for pregnancy losses are classified into infectious and noninfectious. Among the noninfectious causes, several dam-related (circ… Show more
The present report aims to describe the case of a duodenal obstruction ileus in a
dairy cow that was caused by a cage magnet. The 4.7-year-old German Fleckvieh
cow was hospitalized because of symptoms of intestinal obstruction such as
anorexia, noticeable drop in milk yield, reduced defecation, dehydration and
positive percussion and swinging auscultation in a circumscribed area cranial of
the right flank over the last 2 ribs. Six months as well as 3 days prior to
hospitalization the cow had already been treated for signs of hardware disease,
which included administration of a cage magnet.After the initial clinical diagnostic procedure on hospital admission, a
diagnostic laparotomy in the right paralumbar fossa was performed to identify
the cause of the ileus. The cranial part of the duodenum was markedly dilated,
and a solid foreign body was found obstructing the intestine immediately aboral
to the duodenal sigmoid flexure. This was identified as a cage magnet, which was
massaged in retrograde direction into the pyloric antrum and removed via
abomasotomy. The cow recovered from surgical intervention and was discharged
from the hospital 6 days later.The present report describes an unusual complication of cage magnet
administration, which is a standard veterinary procedure and generally
considered a safe treatment option in cows with clinical signs of acute
traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
Pregnancy losses negatively affect the cattle industry, impacting economic indices and consequently the entire production chain. Early embryonic failure has been an important challenge in the embryo industry because proper identification of embryo death at the beginning of gestation is difficult. This review aimed to provide a better understanding on reproductive failure and the relationship between early embryonic loss and different reproductive biotechniques. This review also considers insights and possible strategies for reducing early embryonic loss. The strategies addressed are as follows: i) great impact of rigorous embryo evaluation on reducing embryo losses; ii) selection of recipients at the time of transfer, taking into account health and nutritional status, and classification of the corpus luteum using ultrasound, either in area or vascularization; and iii) paternal effect as one of the factors that contribute to pregnancy losses, with a focus on embryo transfer.
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