Nonhazardous Urine Pretreatment Method for Future Exploration Systems

Akse, James R.; Williams, T.W.; Hadley, Neal M.; Dahl, Roger W.

doi:10.2514/6.2011-5074

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The formation of free NH 3 and its loss via volatilization is also pH dependent. The highest NH 3 concentration is formed and subject to loss at a pH range 7 to 10 ( Hartung and Phillips, 1994) as was obtained in the UDDT urine tank, while at pH 4.5 and below as obtained with urine lactic acid fermentation in the bottles (Table 5.2), no free ammonia is formed (Hartung and Phillips, 1994;Williams et al, 2011).…”

Section: Urine Lactic Acid Fermentation and Its Potential Fertilizingmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Under the influence of urease positive bacteria and free urease, urea is degraded to ammonia (NH 4 + ) (Udert et al, 2003;Udert et al, 2006), part of which can be lost during storage, transportation and field application (Sherlock and Goh, 1984;Rodhe et al, 2004). The release of ammoniacal nitrogen increases at pH values above 8 (Williams et al, 2011). Urine hydrolysis also facilitates the precipitation of phosphates and carbonates, which are deposited at the bottom of the collection tanks (Udert et al, 2003).…”

Section: Loss Of Nutrients Carbon Matter and Odour Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, studies have shown that the urease activity is diminished at pH < 5 (Larson and Kallio, 1954;Schneider and Kaltwasser, 1984). The highest release of NH 3 takes place between pH 7 and 10; below pH 7, NH 3 volatilization decreases and at pH 4.5 free ammonia is completely unavailable (Hartung and Phillips, 1994;Williams et al, 2011) (Hartung and Phillips, 1994;Williams et al, 2011). (Caswell et al, 1977).…”

Section: Lactic Acid Fermentation Of Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application

Andreev

Ronteltap

Boincean

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is IHE for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. A pdf version of this work will be made available as Open ....................................................................................................................................... 48 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................... 52 3.3 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 56 3.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 61 3.5 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 73 4.3 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 84 4.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 101 4.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 109 Chapter 5. Lactic acid fermentation of human urine for improving its fertilizing value and reducing odour emissions in urine diverting dry toilets ............................................ 111 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 112 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. 143 6.6 Potential entrepreneurial models ......................................................................................... 149 6.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 151 References .................................................................................................................................... 153 Appendixes .............................................................................................................................. only. Lactic acid fermentation of the mix of faeces and bio-waste with the addition of lactic acid bacteria and molasses followed by thermophilic composting led to a rapid incr...

show abstract

Section: Urine Lactic Acid Fermentation and Its Potential Fertilizingmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Loss Of Nutrients Carbon Matter and Odour Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lactic Acid Fermentation Of Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application

Andreev

Ronteltap

Boincean

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The highest NH3 concentrations are present at a pH between 7 and 10 ( Hartung and Phillips, 1994), which was obtained in the UDDT urine tank. In contrast at low pH (4.5 and below) as obtained with LAF of urine, no free ammonia is formed (Williams et al, 2011). Even though the addition of the LAB inoculum in the urine tank of a UDDT decreased the pH from 8.9 to 7.7, it could not stop urea hydrolysis and the accompanied increase in NH4./NH3 concentration.…”

Section: Benefits Of Conducting Laf Of Urine 421 the Fertilizer Value Of Laf Urinementioning

confidence: 86%