Nonhalide Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed great advancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Over the past several years, various nonhalide materials have been extensively developed to enhance both PCE and stability by including them in perovskite compositions, perovskite precursor materials, additives, post‐treatment reagents, dopants for charge transport materials (CTMs), CTMs, and interfacial modifiers. In this review, various nonhalide materials reported for PSCs are described and the dependence of the photovoltaic performance on anions (or in part cations) in nonhalide materials is investigated. This review highlights the importance of synergistic and rational engineering of anions and cations of the nonhalide materials in order to maximize both PCE and stability of PSCs.

The disappearing additive: introducing volatile ethyl acetate into a perovskite precursor for fabricating high efficiency stable devices in open air

“…Where A 1 and A 2 are decay amplitudes, τ 1 is related closely to non-radiative recombination and τ 2 is a component of radiative recombination from perovskite. 38,39 Moreover, the average decay lifetime can be obtained from the equation . 40 These TRPL results imply that the higher quality of EA-modified perovskite film can decrease the trap-assisted recombination and thus increase the average decay lifetimes from 363.12 ns to 592.65 ns.…”

“…Where A 1 and A 2 are decay amplitudes, τ 1 is related closely to non-radiative recombination and τ 2 is a component of radiative recombination from perovskite. 38,39 Moreover, the average decay lifetime can be obtained from the…”

Methodologies for >30% Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells via Enhancement of Voltage and Fill Factor

“…Apart from halide anions, pseudohalide anions also made enormous contributions to the improvements of PCE and stability in PSCs. [ 98 ] Formate (HCOO − ) anion was found to improve carrier lifetime, crystallinity, and grain size while inhibiting δ‐phase. [ 1 ] The solid‐state NMR spectroscopy measurements confirmed that I − ions were not substituted with HCOO − , while FAHCOO was presented in the final perovskite films as detected by ToF‐SIMS.…”

[PbX6]4−modulation and organic spacer construction for stable perovskite solar cells

“…101 Considering the important role played by X-and A-site ions, the introduction of pseudohalides and alkali metal cations blocks the ion migration by enhancing the chemical bonding to fixed ions or providing a steric hindrance. 22,45,[116][117][118][119][120] In addition to the internal defects in perovskites, the grain boundaries are also significant channels for ion migration. 105,121 Also, ions migrate faster along the grain boundaries than the perovskite bulk.…”