Nongonococcal cervicitis: The most common cause of fluor albus in female sex workers

Abstract

Female sex workers have a high risk of suffering from sexual transmitted infections (STIs). If the female sex workers suffer from STIs, besides affecting themselves, they also have potential to transmit the disease to their clients. Fluor albus is one of the symptoms of STIs. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the type of STIs that the female sex workers suffer from. This research was conducted retrospectively on 100 female sex workers in Puskesmas Putat Surabaya in 2013-2014. The result of this research showed that from 100 female sex workers, 14 subjects (14%) suffered from gonococcal cervicitis, 51 subjects (51%) suffered from nongonococcal cervicitis, 10 subjects (10%) suffered from nongonococcal cervicitis accompanied by bacterial vaginosis, 9 subjects (9%) suffered from bacterial vaginosis, 1 subject (1%) suffered from trichomoniasis, and 14 subjects (14%) had no data. This research concluded that nongonococcal cervicitis is the most major cause of STIs suffered by female sex workers. Therefore, the vigilances to prevent transmission of nongonococcal infection to the clients is highly needed.

Atypical Manifestations of Syphilis: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

“…Cases of atypical primary syphilis misdiagnosed as pharyngeal lymphoma, tongue cancer, and other types of oral squamous cell carcinomas have been described [39][40][41]; however, the secondary stage of the disease, given the possible involvement of the whole skin area and of other organs, is the one that is most prone to misdiagnosis like palmoplantar psoriasis, psoriasis vulgaris, erythema multiforme, cutaneous lymphoma, and granulomatous diseases of the skin (annular granuloma, sarcoidosis). Moreover, involvement of internal organs with signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis, nephrotic syndrome, retinitis, and others has been reported in secondary syphilis with or without typical cutaneous/mucosal involvement, further complicating the clinical picture [42][43][44][45][46][47]. In regards to neurosyphilis, a recent narrative review revealed a low level of clinical awareness of T. pallidum infection as a possible etiology of various psychiatric disorders including dementia, delirium, depression, mania, personality changes, and psychosis.…”

Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae against a dual treatment antibiotics regimen in primary health centres in Surabaya, Indonesia

“…In 2010, due to the decreasing susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae against these antimicrobials and frequent coinfection with chlamydia, a dual treatment regimen with an increased dose of cephalosporins and either doxycycline or azithromycin was recommended to curb the resistance to cephalosporins. [4][5][6][7] Nevertheless, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the constituents of this regimen gradually increased. In 2017-18, the WHO reported 0-21% gonococci isolates with reduced susceptibility (RS) to ceftriaxone, 0-22% with RS to cefixime and 0-60% with resistance to azithromycin worldwide.…”