Nonfearful Panic Disorder in Chest-Pain Patients: Status After Nine-Year Follow-Up

Bringager, Christine Bull; Gauer, Katrine; Arnesen, Harald; Friis, Svein; Dammen, Toril

doi:10.1176/appi.psy.49.5.426

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A considerable proportion of PD patients are initially diagnosed by general physicians or emergency physicians [1]. In the cardiology department, 38 to 47.1% of patients with the chief complaint of chest pain suffer from PD [7,8]. Due to their cardiovascular and neurological symptoms, patients with PD can easily be misdiagnosed with somatic diseases, and their initial visits are often in the cardiology, emergency and neurology department [3,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability, validity and cut-off score of the Chinese version of the panic disorder severity scale self-report form in patients with panic disorder

Liu

Chen

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

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Background: Panic disorder (PD) is often undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or untreated in non-psychiatric clinical settings. Therefore, a cost-effective, accurate and easy-to-administer instrument for PD assessment is still needed. For that reason, the self-report version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS-SR) has been developed and suggested to be a reliable and useful tool in clinical and research settings. The current study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PDSS-SR and determine the cut-off score of the PDSS-SR. Methods: A total of 133 patients with PD in Shanghai were assessed by the PDSS-SR, PDSS and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Moreover, 117 patients with non-PD anxiety and 51 healthy subjects also completed the PDSS-SR to construct a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the scores of PD patients. Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of the PDSS-SR was 0.72-0.80, and the interrater correlation coefficient was 0.78. The results of principal component analysis and varimax rotation indicated that the PDSS-SR had a two-factor structure, with all seven items having salient loadings. The cut-off score was 4, which was associated with high sensitivity (96.03%) and specificity (61.31%). Conclusions:The findings demonstrate that these items and the total score of the PDSS-SR have acceptable reliability and validity in patients with PD and that the PDSS-SR can be used by general doctors for clinical screening in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability, validity and cut-off score of the Chinese version of the panic disorder severity scale self-report form in patients with panic disorder

Liu

Chen

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

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“…NCCP can appear in patterns similar to coronary chest pain, which may last anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours [ 4 ]. The lifetime prevalence of NCCP is 33% [ 5 , 6 ], and 43% of the patients undergoing an angiography procedure are not diagnosed with coronary heart disease [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Irrational Beliefs and Pain Severity in Patients Suffering from Non-Cardiac Chest Pain (NCCP): A Comparison of Relaxation Training and Metaphor Therapy

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPatients suffering from non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) can interpret their chest pain wrongly despite having received a correct diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the relaxation method with metaphor therapy for reducing irrational beliefs and pain severity in patients with NCCP.MethodsUsing a randomized controlled trial, 33 participants were randomly divided into a relaxation training group (n= 13), a metaphor therapy group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10), and were studied for 4 weeks. The two tools used in this research were the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) index for determining the degree of pain and the short version of the Jones Irrational Belief Test. Metaphor therapy and a relaxation technique based on Öst's treatment were used as the interventions. The collected data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), a Chi-square test, and the Bonferroni procedure of post-hoc analysis.ResultsThe relaxation training method was significantly more effective than both metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in reducing the patients' beliefs of hopelessness in the face of changes and emotional irresponsibility, as well as the pain severity. Metaphor therapy was not effective on any of these factors. In fact, the results did not support the effectiveness of metaphor therapy.ConclusionsRegarding the effectiveness of the relaxation method as compared with metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in the control group, this study suggests that relaxation should be paid greater attention as a method for improving the status of patients. In addition, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of metaphor therapy in this area.

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“…Additionally, the theory does not address cases of "non-fearful panic disorder" or "non-cognitive panic", which occur in the absence of fear or catastrophic cognitions (Barlow et al, 1994;Beitman et al, 1987;Beitman, Mukerji, Russell, & Grafing, 1993;Bringager et al, 2008;Fleet et al, 2000;Kushner & Beitman, 1990;Rachman, Levitt, & Lopatka, 1987;Rachman, Lopatka, & Levitt, 1988). A more fundamental problem concerns the development of agoraphobia.…”

Section: Misinterpretation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear and Phobia: A Critical Review and the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis

Rofé¹,

Rofé²

2015

IJPS

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This article reviews the empirical status of theories of fear and phobia. Psychoanalysis received little support, as findings tend to refute its basic assumption that phobia results from repressed material. Although conditioning has its weaknesses, it appears to be the strongest explanation of simple phobia. Findings raise question as to whether interoceptive conditioning can account for the development of panic disorder and agoraphobia, as these disorders develop in the absence of environmental conditioning events. A significant body of research supports Clark's claim that catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations are involved in both the development and treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. However, the causal relationship between the two remains unclear. Likewise, while biological factors certainly increase the vulnerability to developing fear and phobia, findings have not yet confirmed that these behaviors are controlled by biological mechanisms. A new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (Rofé, 2010;Y. Rofé & Rofé, 2013), which preserves the psychoanalytic claim that bizarre phobias need to be explained within a theory that accounts for neuroses by one set of theoretical concepts, was used to resolve the theoretical confusion in this field.

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Nonfearful Panic Disorder in Chest-Pain Patients: Status After Nine-Year Follow-Up

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Reliability, validity and cut-off score of the Chinese version of the panic disorder severity scale self-report form in patients with panic disorder

Reliability, validity and cut-off score of the Chinese version of the panic disorder severity scale self-report form in patients with panic disorder

Reducing Irrational Beliefs and Pain Severity in Patients Suffering from Non-Cardiac Chest Pain (NCCP): A Comparison of Relaxation Training and Metaphor Therapy

Fear and Phobia: A Critical Review and the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis

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