Nonfarm income and rural labor markets

Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane; Berhane, Guush; Minten, Bart; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum

doi:10.2499/9780896296916_11

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Amidst endemic food insecurity, drought and persistent poverty, Ethiopia's diverse agroecological zones promote highly diversified crop production that includes predominantly subsistence crops and, to a lesser extent, cash crops (42,(49)(50)(51) . In rural regions, as much as 58 % of household energies come from subsistence production (42) .The majority of smallholder farmer household income (72 %) in Ethiopia comes from crop production, though yields per hectare lag behind those of other countries, such as Vietnam, where overall food yields per hectare among smallholder farmers are four times higher than that of Ethiopia (40,52) . Persistently unreliable and/or inaccessible markets limit agricultural earnings of Ethiopian's smallholder farmers (53) .…”

Section: Study Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop diversity is associated with higher child diet diversity in Ethiopia, particularly among low-income households, but not in Vietnam

Esaryk

Reynolds

Fernald

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objectives: To examine associations of household crop diversity with school-aged child dietary diversity in Vietnam and Ethiopia and mechanisms underlying these associations. Design: We created a child diet diversity score (DDS) using data on seven food groups consumed in the last 24 h. Generalised estimating equations were used to model associations of household-level crop diversity, measured as a count of crop species richness (CSR) and of plant crop nutritional functional richness (CNFR), with DDS. We examined effect modification by household wealth and subsistence orientation, and mediation by the farm’s market orientation. Setting: Two survey years of longitudinal data from the Young Lives cohort. Participants: Children (aged 5 years in 2006 and 8 years in 2009) from rural farming households in Ethiopia (n 1012) and Vietnam (n 1083). Results: There was a small, positive association between household CNFR and DDS in Ethiopia (CNFR–DDS, β = 0·13; (95 % CI 0·07, 0·19)), but not in Vietnam. Associations of crop diversity and child diet diversity were strongest among poor households in Ethiopia and among subsistence-oriented households in Vietnam. Agricultural earnings positively mediated the crop diversity–diet diversity association in Ethiopia. Discussion: Children from households that are poorer and those that rely more on their own agricultural production for food may benefit most from increased crop diversity.

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Section: Study Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop diversity is associated with higher child diet diversity in Ethiopia, particularly among low-income households, but not in Vietnam

Esaryk

Reynolds

Fernald

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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show abstract

“…79-83). Country-level census data and data from smaller case studies suggest, for example, that agriculture currently contributes roughly 40% of rural household income in India (Pingali et al, 2019), 33% in Bangladesh (Ahmed et al, 2015), and 82% in high-agricultural potential rural areas in Ethiopia (Bachewe et al, 2020). Increasingly the reality is not one of small-scale farming households, but of rural households who also farm.…”

Section: Beyond Just Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food systems and rural wellbeing: challenges and opportunities

Woodhill

Kishore²,

Njuki³

et al. 2022

Food Sec.

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The future wellbeing of billions of rural people is interconnected with transforming food systems for equity, nutrition, environmental sustainability, and resilience. This article tackles three blind spots in the understanding of rural poverty and vulnerability: the narrow focus on extreme poverty and hunger that hides a much wider set of inequalities and vulnerabilities, insufficient recognition of the diversity of rural households, and an inadequate appreciation of the impact of rapid structural changes in markets, the physical environment, and the political economic context. A better understanding of these areas is necessary for imagining a new policy landscape that can align progress on rural poverty alleviation with a wider transformation of food systems. The article provides a framework for assessing the dynamics of rural wellbeing and food systems change. It looks at the viability of small-scale farming and the diversification of livelihood options needed to overcome rural poverty and inequality. The analysis suggests that the future prosperity of rural areas will depend on policy reforms to address market failures in the food system, which currently work against equity, good nutrition and sustainability. Investments will also be needed to enable rural economies to capture greater value from the food system, particularly in the midstream of food distribution, processing and services. The likely future scale and nature of rural poverty and inequality is such that improved social protection and humanitarian relief schemes that support those in crisis or being left behind will still be essential.

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“…Most farms primarily rely on family labor. While the use of hired labor is common, especially for weeding and harvesting, its share of total deployed labor is small; wage income, on average, accounts for only 10% of household income in rural areas (Bachewe et al, 2016). This relatively small share of wage income indicates agricultural production's importance to rural incomes and livelihoods in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Agricultural Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study Context: Ethiopia

Till

2022

Agriculture for Economic Development in Africa

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In this book, Ethiopia is used as a case study to understand the role that the agricultural sector can play in economic growth in a low-income country. Ethiopia is not intended to be interpreted either as a representative or as a unique case for the broader sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience, but the book instead intends to shed light on Ethiopia’s particular development experience. To contextualize the findings of the research, this chapter therefore discusses some key elements of Ethiopia’s rich economic, political, and agricultural history.

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Nonfarm income and rural labor markets

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Crop diversity is associated with higher child diet diversity in Ethiopia, particularly among low-income households, but not in Vietnam

Crop diversity is associated with higher child diet diversity in Ethiopia, particularly among low-income households, but not in Vietnam

Food systems and rural wellbeing: challenges and opportunities

Case Study Context: Ethiopia

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