Nonessential fatty acids in formula fat blends influence essential fatty acid metabolism and composition in plasma and organ lipid classes in piglets

Wall, Katharine M.; Diersen-Schade, Deborah A.; Innis, Sheila M.

doi:10.1007/bf02535583

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The different metabolic pathways of these fatty acids may influence the content of other saturated fatty acids in plasma. In fact, a study done in piglets showed that a diet containing 12:0 and 14:0 lead to a higher percentage of longer saturated fatty acids than a diet containing 8:0 and 10:0 as a medium chain fatty acids (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma fatty-acid composition and antioxidant capacity in low birth-weight infants fed formula enriched with n−6 and n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from purified phospholipids

Ramírez¹,

Gallardo²,

Souto³

et al. 2001

Clinical Nutrition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma fatty-acid composition and antioxidant capacity in low birth-weight infants fed formula enriched with n−6 and n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from purified phospholipids

Ramírez¹,

Gallardo²,

Souto³

et al. 2001

Clinical Nutrition

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“…The portal-venous transport of 8:0, 10:0, and 12:0, followed by rapid carnitine-independent oxidation in liver, and the low activity of acyltransferases with medium-chain fatty acids (24,25,30,31) are well known. Previous studies have suggested that preferential oxidation of 8:0-12:0 in animals fed diets with 8:0-12:0 rather than 16:0 as the source of saturated fat may result in higher availability of dietary 18:1 and 18:2n-6 for storage in growing tissue lipids (32). The results of this report, which show higher 18:1, and to a smaller extent higher 18:2n-6, in liver triglycerides of piglets fed the formula with MCT rather than oils with 16:0 as the source of saturated fat, are consistent with this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary triacylglycerol structure and saturated fat alter plasma and tissue fatty acids in piglets

Innis

Dyer

Quinlan

et al. 1996

Lipids

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Human and pig milk triacylglycerols contain a large proportion of palmitic acid (16:0) which is predominately esterified in the 2-position. Other dietary fats contain variable amounts of 16:0, with unsaturated fatty acids predominantly esterified in the 2-position. These studies determined if the amount or position of 16:0 in dietary fat influences the composition or distribution of liver, adipose tissue, lung, or plasma fatty acids in developing piglets. Piglets were fed to 18 d with sow milk or formula with saturated fat from medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), coconut or palm oil, or synthesized triacylglycerols (synthesized to specifically direct 16:0 to the 2-position) with, in total fatty acids, 30.7, 4.3, 6.5, 27.0, and 29.6% 16:0, and in 2-position fatty acids, 55.3, 0.4, 1.3, 4.4, and 69.9% 16:0, respectively. The percentage of 16:0 in the 2-position of adipose fat from piglets fed sow milk, palm oil, and synthesized triacylglycerols were similar and higher than in piglets fed MCT or coconut oil. Thus, the amount, not the position, of dietary 16:0 determines piglet adipose tissue 16:0 content. The effects of the diets on the plasma and liver triacylglycerols were similar, with significantly lower 16:0 in total and 2-position fatty acids of the MCT and coconut oil groups, and significantly higher 16:0 in the plasma and liver triacylglycerol 2-position of piglets fed the synthesized triacylglycerols rather than sow milk or palm oil. The lung phospholipid total and 2-position 16:0 was significantly lower in the MCT, coconut, and palm oil groups, but similar in the synthesized triacylglycerol group and sow milk group. The lung phospholipid total and 2-position percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) was significantly lower in all of the formula-fed piglets than in milk-fed piglets. The physiological significance of this is not known.

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“…Ingestion of MCT is associated with profound changes in plasma fatty acid composition (8,9), but the effects of MCT on essential fatty acid and LCP status are controversial. Wall et al (10) found significantly lower tissue levels of arachidonic acid in new-born piglets fed infant formulas containing MCT than in piglets fed formulas containing coconut oil (12:0 ϩ 14:0). In premature infants, an interference of MCT on LCP metabolism was suggested by Carnielli et al (9), who reported no effect on 20:4n-6 concentrations but a decrease in plasma phospholipid 22:6n-3 concentrations after MCT feeding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma fatty acids and [13C]linoleic acid metabolism in preterm infants fed a formula with medium-chain triglycerides

Rodríguez

Funke

Fink

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

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Most preterm infant formulas contain mediumchain triacylglycerols (MCT), but the effects of MCT on polyunsaturated fatty acid status and metabolism are controversial. Thus, we studied the effects of MCT on linoleic acid metabolism using stable isotopes. Enterally fed preterm infants were randomized to receive for 7 days 40% of fat as MCT (n ‫؍‬ 10) or a formula without MCT (n ‫؍‬ 9). At study day 5, infants received orally 2 mg/kg body weight of 13 C-labeled linoleic acid. Fatty acids in plasma lipid classes and 13 C enrichment of phospholipid fatty acids were measured and tracer oxidation was monitored. Compared with the control group, the MCT group showed lower breath 13 CO 2 and higher plasma triacylglycerol contents of octanoic acid, of decanoic acid, and of total long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (57.1 ؎ 4.4 mol/l vs. 37.9 ؎ 4.8 mol/l, P Ͻ 0.01). Concentrations of several polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phospholipids and non esterified fatty acids were higher in the MCT group. 13 C concentrations in phospholipid n-6 fatty acids indicated no difference in the relative conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid. We conclude that oral MCT effectively reduce polyunsaturated fatty acid and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation in preterm infants without compromising endogenous n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.

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Nonessential fatty acids in formula fat blends influence essential fatty acid metabolism and composition in plasma and organ lipid classes in piglets

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Plasma fatty-acid composition and antioxidant capacity in low birth-weight infants fed formula enriched with n−6 and n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from purified phospholipids

Plasma fatty-acid composition and antioxidant capacity in low birth-weight infants fed formula enriched with n−6 and n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from purified phospholipids

Dietary triacylglycerol structure and saturated fat alter plasma and tissue fatty acids in piglets

Plasma fatty acids and [13C]linoleic acid metabolism in preterm infants fed a formula with medium-chain triglycerides

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