Nonenzymatic Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics and Resistance to Other Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis.

“…The third mechanism is tolerance to the bactericidal effect of ,B-lactam antibiotics (for reviews, see references 425, 426, and 515a). The lysis that follows inhibition of cell wall synthesis by an antibiotic is brought about by intracellular or cell wall-associated autolytic enzymes (370). Tolerant microorganisms have reduced autolytic activity (35), and in the case of staphylococci, experiments indicate that this is due to an excess of an autolysin inhibitor (429).…”

Prodrugs for Masking the Bitter Taste of Drugs

“…Amoxicillin has two ionizable groups in the physiological range (the amino group in α-position to the amide carbonyl group and the carboxyl group). Amoxicillin has a good pharmacokinetics profile with bioavailability of 95% if taken orally, its half-life is 61.3 minutes and it is excreted by the renal and less than 30 % biotransformed in the liver [140][141][142].…”