Nondetrital siliceous sediments

Cressman, Earle Rupert

doi:10.3133/pp440t

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(3) Diatomaceous chert : composite sample of 10 chert shales, Monterey Formation, California (Bramlette, 1946). (4) Average of 10 various bedded radiolarian cherts (Cressman, 1962). (5) Radiolarian ooze (Revelle, 1944).…”

Section: Les Radiolaritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiolarites et sédiments hypersiliceux océaniques: une comparaison

Steinberg¹,

Desprairies²,

Fogelgesang³

et al. 1977

Sedimentology

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RÉSUMÉ Nous avons étudié la minéralogie et la composition chimique de cherts à Radiolaires (radiolarites) du Dogger‐Malm, liés ou non à des affleurements de roches volcaniques. Les échantillons proviennent du Maroc (Rif), d'Italie (Bassin Lombard et Appenins), de Grèce (Zone du Pinde et Massif du Vourinos) et de Californie (Baie de San Francisco). A titre de comparaison, nous avons également étudié des cherts crétacés du Pacifique (Leg 32) et des boues à Diatomées miopliocènes de la Mer du Japon (Leg 31). La silice des radiolarites est exprimée sous forme de quartz ou de calcédoine. Ces roches renferment en outre des feldspaths et, souvent, de l'hématite. La phase argileuse est constituté d'illite et/ou de chlorite, accompagnée fréquemment d'édifices gonflants et, très localement, de kaolinite. Dans les śediments océaniques le degre d'organisation de la silice est très variable (depuis l'opale jusqu'au quartz), les minéraux argileux sont à peu près identiques à ceux des radiolarites, les feldspaths sont également fréquents. Du point de vue chimique, on peut distinguer, parmi les radiolarites: des faciès massifs, des pélites a Radiolaires et des radiolarites ferrugineuses. Celles‐ci se rencontrent généralement à la base des séries associées à des formations volcaniques. Les cherts du Leg 32 et les boues à Diatomées de la Mer du Japon ont une composition très voisine de celle des radiolarites massives. La minéralogie de ces formations peut ètre expliquée par plusieurs modèles: héritage, diagenèse de boues pélagiques, etc.… Le caractère détritique d'une partie des argiles semble certain. L'origine de la silice est discutee: la position latitudinale de la Téthys au Jurassique, son caractère relativement confiné et d'eventuels apports volcaniques doivent être pris en consideration. Par contre, compte tenu de la composition chimique et minéralogique des radiolarites, la diagenèse des argiles n'est pas susceptible de fournir des quantités notables de silice. L'accumulation de boues à Diatomées dans la Mer du Japon et en d'autres lieux montre que ni l'éloignement des côtes ni de très grandes profondeurs ne sont indispensables au développement d'une sédimentation hypersiliceuse.

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Section: Les Radiolaritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiolarites et sédiments hypersiliceux océaniques: une comparaison

Steinberg¹,

Desprairies²,

Fogelgesang³

et al. 1977

Sedimentology

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“…Doubly polished thick sections (thickness about 1.5 mm) and loose Cressman, 1962Frondel, 1962Deer et al, 1963 Kucera and Knobloch, 1982 Kucera and Knobloch, 1982Blankenburg et al, 1982Frondel, 1962Blankenburg et al, 1982 FIG. I.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, except for opal these materials have too high contents of impurities (see Frondel, 1962;Cressman, 1962) to be the parent materials of lechatelierite in tektites.…”

Section: Possible Parent Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lechatelierite inclusions in indochinites and the origin of tektites

Kinnunen

1990

Meteoritics

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Abstract-The grain size distribution and shapes oflechatelierite inclusions (silica glass inclusions) have been determined from 20 splash-form tektites from the Khorat Plateau, northeastern Thailand. The chemical and petrographic properties are reviewed, and the absence of any type of inclusion other than bubbles is confirmed. These data suggest that the parent material for the lechatelierite inclusions is not the conventional detrital quartz. One possible precursor is silica of plant origin in the form of biogenic opal-CT. According to this model, the lechatelierite inclusions are formed by shock melting of opal phytoliths in plants. These opal phytolith melts were included in the shock-melted soil and bedrock, jetted from the impact site. The expansion of the vapor plume ejected the melt droplets in ballistic trajectories. This model is extended to all tektite groups, because of the similarity between lechatelierite inclusions in them. grain mounts, or chips, were prepared for microscopic study. The threedimensional shape of the inclusions was established with a universal stage. The lechatelierite inclusions were identified with a single refractive index, 1.46, using the immersion method. A Chaix Mexa microscope crushing stage was used to liberate the glass inclusions from the tektite chips into the immersion liquid. The crushing stage was used for the estimation of the degree of vacuum in the bubbles inside lechatelierite inclusions (see Roedder, 1970, for description of the method). The size of the inclusions was measured with an ocular micrometer on linear traverses of six indochinites. The modal content of the lechatelierite inclusions was determined from linear traverses with the modified Rosiwal method (Kinnunen, 1989). SHAPE AND SIZE DATAIn shape, the lechatelierite inclusions ranged from vesicular spongy fragments and fibre-like bodies to roundish blebs (Fig. 1). Their number percentages were as follows: vesicular spongy fragments 6%, vesicular prismatic bodies 48%, fibre-like bodies 7%, blocky fragments 2%, roundish blebs 28%, and undetermined 9%. These shape types evidently result from vesiculation of lechatelierite while it was confined in the melt.The modal content ofthe lechatelierite inclusions ranged from 0.15% to 0.17%. The number percentages of the lechatelierite inclusions for various size intervals were as follows: 500-250 m 0.7%, 250-125~m 14.0%, 125-62~m 36.1%, 62-32~m 27.9%, 32-16~m 11.8%, 16-8~m 5.1%, 8-4~m 3.7%, 4-2~m 0.7%. According to sedimentological classification, this distribution represents moderately sorted fine sand and coarse silt.

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“…Elsewhere sponges are believed to be major contributors to porcelanites of the Split Rock Creek Formation (Santonian-Campanian) in southeastern South Dakota (Witzke et al, 1983). Cressman (1962) has shown that radiolarian and spicular rocks may be distinguished on a plot of SiO, versus Si0 2 / A1 2 0 3 ratio (Fig. 14).…”

Section: Source Of Cristobalitementioning

confidence: 95%

Composition and depositional environment of the siliceous Odanah Member (Campanian) of the Pierre Shale in Manitoba

Young¹,

Moore²

1994

Geological Society of America Special Papers

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The Odanah Member of the Pierre Shale in southwestern Manitoba is a porcelanite of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age that was deposited on the eastern platform area of the Western Interior Seaway.Odanah sediments were derived from erosion of preexisting sediments in the Cordilleran areas to the west, from contemporaneous volcanism, and from accumulation of siliceous biogenic material.The mineral assemblage of the Odanah is dominated by cristobalite (opal-CT) with lesser amounts of quartz, mixed layer clays, feldspar, and illite. Cristobalite, derived from the diagenesis of diatoms, radiolarians, and siliceous sponge spicules, occurs as cryptocrystalline cement, bladed crystals, and lepispheres. Diatoms are considered to be the major source of biogenic silica in the Odanah.Chemical analyses of the Odanah give Si0 2 values which range from 70 to 85% (mean, 81%). Apart from silica, major element concentrations are consistently lower than those of the average shale.Major factors restricting Odanah deposition to a geographically limited part of the Interior Seaway may include: (a) reduced supply of terrigenous material from the west due to the presence of a paleotectonic barrier near the Manitoba-Saskatchewan border, and (b) increased diatom productivity in a zone of upwelling related to the southward flow of Arctic water within the Interior Seaway.

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Nondetrital siliceous sediments

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Radiolarites et sédiments hypersiliceux océaniques: une comparaison

Radiolarites et sédiments hypersiliceux océaniques: une comparaison

Lechatelierite inclusions in indochinites and the origin of tektites

Composition and depositional environment of the siliceous Odanah Member (Campanian) of the Pierre Shale in Manitoba

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