Nondestructive Inspection System for Special Nuclear Material Using Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Neutrons and Laser Compton Scattering Gamma-Rays

Ohgaki, Hideaki; Daito, I.; Zen, Heishun; Kii, Toshiteru; Masuda, Kai; Misawa, Tsuyoshi; Hajima, Ryoichi; Hayakawa, Takehito; Shizuma, T.; Kando, M.; Fujimoto, Shinya

doi:10.1109/tns.2017.2652619

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These have a high degree of polarization and are thus attractive as e-beam diagnostics [53,54]. Their other applications are generation of polarized positrons from dense targets [55] and nuclear resonance fluorescence studies [56][57][58][59][60][61]. However, the large footprint of conventional accelerators makes such radiation sources scarce and busy user facilities.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A longer ILP would help increase the photon yield by another order of magnitude, without jeopardizing the repetition rate. Overall, this brings an expectation of greater than 10 9 ph/s yield, which is not as high as 10 13 ph/s permitted by large linacs [57], yet sufficient to identify considerable masses of enriched uranium within minutes [61]. From the viewpoint of laboratory practice, computerized manipulations of the phase and shape of the sub-Joule stack components, using adaptive optics and genetic algorithms [82,83], should aid greatly in practical realization of the system.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulations, based on data from recent detection experiment [61], indicate that the TS γ-ray flux of 10 6 ph/s, with a 5% signal bandwidth and a 10 Hz repetition rate, is sufficient to identify a nuclear resonance fluorescence peak from a 1 kg of highly enriched uranium within 10 minutes. The higher flux accessible with our source would compensate for its still significant (up to 20%) bandwidth.…”

Section: Final Notes On All-optical Control Of Quasi-monochromatic Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy of these pulses, containing up to 5 Â 10 6 photons into the microsteradian cone, may be tuned in the range 4-16 MeV and, possibly, beyond, while the low-energy photon background remains insignificant. Increasing the LPA repetition rate to kHz level, at affordable average power, promises boosting photon yield beyond 10 9 ph/s, making tunable, all-optical TS γ-ray sources interesting for applications [48,49,61]. As a further development, focusing the stack components differently [52], or propagating the stack in a channel [24,25], enables generation of a train of GeV-scale, ultrabright electron bunches with a femtosecond synchronization.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ-Ray Sources

Kalmykov¹,

Davoine²,

Ghebregziabher³

et al. 2018

Accelerator Physics - Radiation Safety and Applications

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Thomson scattering (TS) from electron beams produced in laser-plasma accelerators may generate femtosecond pulses of quasi-monochromatic, multi-MeV photons. Scaling laws suggest that reaching the necessary GeV electron energy, with a percent-scale energy spread and five-dimensional brightness over 10 16 A/m 2 , requires acceleration in centimeter-length, tenuous plasmas (n 0 $ 10 17 cm À3 ), with petawatt-class lasers. Ultrahigh per-pulse power mandates single-shot operation, frustrating applications dependent on dosage. To generate high-quality near-GeV beams at a manageable average power (thus affording kHz repetition rate), we propose acceleration in a cavity ofelectrondensity ,drivenwithanincoherent stack of sub-Joule laser pulses through a millimeter-length, dense plasma (n 0 $ 10 19 cm À3). Blue-shifting one stack component by a considerable fraction of the carrier frequency compensates for the frequency red shift imparted by the wake. This avoids catastrophic self-compression of the optical driver and suppresses expansion of the accelerating cavity, avoiding accumulation of a massive low-energy background. In addition, the energy gain doubles compared to the predictions of scaling laws. Head-on collision of the resulting ultrabright beams with another optical pulse produces, via TS, gigawatt γ-ray pulses having a sub-20% bandwidth, over 10 6 photons in a microsteradian observation cone, and the observation cone, and the mean energy tunable up to 16 MeV.

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Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Notes On All-optical Control Of Quasi-monochromatic Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ-Ray Sources

Kalmykov¹,

Davoine²,

Ghebregziabher³

et al. 2018

Accelerator Physics - Radiation Safety and Applications

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“…In addition, weak focusing of the trailing component of the stack induces periodic injection, generating, in a single shot, a train of bunches with controllable energy spacing and femtosecond synchronization. These designer e-beams, inaccessible to conventional acceleration methods, generate, via TS, gigawatt γ-ray pulses (or multi-color pulse trains) with the mean energy in the range of interest for nuclear photonics (4-16 MeV), containing over 10 6 photons within a microsteradian-scale observation cone.The production of multi-picosecond TS γ-ray pulses has been earlier demonstrated using e-beams from conventional accelerators [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. These pulses have a high degree of polarization, and are thus attractive as e-beam diagnostics [12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically controlled laser–plasma electron accelerator for compact gamma-ray sources

et al. 2018

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Generating quasi-monochromatic, femtosecond γ-ray pulses via Thomson scattering (TS) demands exceptional electron beam (e-beam) quality, such as percent-scale energy spread and five-dimensional brightness over 10 16 A m -2 . We show that near-GeV e-beams with these metrics can be accelerated in a cavity of electron density, driven with an incoherent stack of Joule-scale laser pulses through a mmsize, dense plasma (n 0 ∼10 19 cm −3 ). Changing the time delay, frequency difference, and energy ratio of the stack components controls the e-beam phase space on the femtosecond scale, while the modest energy of the optical driver helps afford kHz-scale repetition rate at manageable average power. Blueshifting one stack component by a considerable fraction of the carrier frequency makes the stack immune to self-compression. This, in turn, minimizes uncontrolled variation in the cavity shape, suppressing continuous injection of ambient plasma electrons, preserving a single, ultra-bright electron bunch. In addition, weak focusing of the trailing component of the stack induces periodic injection, generating, in a single shot, a train of bunches with controllable energy spacing and femtosecond synchronization. These designer e-beams, inaccessible to conventional acceleration methods, generate, via TS, gigawatt γ-ray pulses (or multi-color pulse trains) with the mean energy in the range of interest for nuclear photonics (4-16 MeV), containing over 10 6 photons within a microsteradian-scale observation cone.The production of multi-picosecond TS γ-ray pulses has been earlier demonstrated using e-beams from conventional accelerators [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. These pulses have a high degree of polarization, and are thus attractive as e-beam diagnostics [12,13]. They are also employed in the generation of polarized positrons from dense targets [15] and to demonstrate nuclear fluorescence [17][18][19]21]. Conventional accelerators, however, are large and expensive, which makes linac-based radiation sources scarce and busy user facilities. Also, the large (cm-scale) size of the radio-frequency powered acceleration cavities makes it difficult to produce and synchronize e-beams (and, hence, TS γ-ray pulses) on a sub-ps time scale relevant to high-energy density physics [22]. Luckily, an alternative technical solution, a miniature laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) [23,24], enables production of even shorter (viz. femtosecond) e-beams [25]. Besides, polychromatic (or 'comb-like') beams from an LPA, with the current modulated on a femtosecond scale, have been observed in experiments [26][27][28][29]. Simulations indicate that such beams readily lend themselves to all-optical manipulation, promising generation of spectrally controlled quasi-monochromatic, femtosecond γ-ray pulses, or trains of pulses with a femtosecond synchronization [9][10][11].LPAs, however, face a number of challenges, one of which is preservation of beam quality, that is, elimination of a high-charge, low-energy tail, which develops when acceleration is...

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Anode shape dependency of discharge characteristics and neutron yield of a linear type inertial electrostatic confinement fusion neutron source

Itagaki

Hotta

Hasegawa

et al. 2020

Elect Comm in Japan

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A linear inertial electrostatic confinement fusion neutron source equipped with a cooling system for high power operation was developed and its discharge characteristics and neutron production performance were tested under a wide range of discharge conditions. Four different types of discharge anodes were prepared and the dependencies of the device performance on the anode shape were precisely investigated. A maximum neutron production rate of 3.4×106 n/s was achieved when the device was operated with single‐cylinder‐type anodes under a discharge voltage of 94 kV, a current of 20 mA, and a deuterium gas pressure of 0.5 Pa. By comparing the discharge characteristics and neutron generation rates under different anode shapes, we found that the larger inner diameter of the anode leads to longer effective gap length and lower operating pressure, which may result in relatively high fusion reaction rate observed with the single‐cylinder‐type anodes.

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Nondestructive Inspection System for Special Nuclear Material Using Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Neutrons and Laser Compton Scattering Gamma-Rays

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ-Ray Sources

Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ-Ray Sources

Optically controlled laser–plasma electron accelerator for compact gamma-ray sources

Anode shape dependency of discharge characteristics and neutron yield of a linear type inertial electrostatic confinement fusion neutron source

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