Nondestructive Evaluation of Welding Residual Stresses in Austenitic Stainless Steel Plates

Javadi, Yashar; Akhlaghi, Mehdi; Najafabadi, Mehdi Ahmadi

doi:10.1080/09349847.2013.822134

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In the regions away from the weld metal, the tensile residual stress values got reduced and changed its nature to compressive residual stress. This result is in good agreement with the welding theory and also similar to the results determined by Yashar Javadi et al for stainless steel weld joints using ultrasonic L cr technique [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The value of the maximum tensile stress is higher for above optimum heat input weld joint when compared to the other two weld joints made with optimum and below optimum heat inputs.…”

Section: Results and Discussion On The Residual Stress Measurementssupporting

confidence: 94%

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon Steel Weld Joints by Ultrasonic L $$_\mathrm{{cr}}$$ cr Wave Technique

2014

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Ultrasonic based residual stress measurements are nondestructive and offer quantitative estimation of surface/sub-surface and bulk residual stresses. The underlying principle of the ultrasonic techniques is the 'acoustoelasticity' i.e. the stress dependence of ultrasonic velocity. Three pairs of 20 mm thick low carbon steel weld joints were fabricated using manual metal arc welding process with three marginally different heat inputs (optimum, marginally below optimum and above optimum) and used in the study. Critically refracted longitudinal (L cr ) ultrasonic wave technique was employed for this study. This paper gives the details of development of ultrasonic L cr wave based technique for residual stress measurements and the quantitative estimation of surface/sub-surface residual stresses in carbon steel weld joints. The study indicates lower value of tensile residual stress in weld joints made using marginally below optimum heat input when compared to the residual stress values in weld joints made using optimum and marginally above optimum heat inputs. The developed ultrasonic L cr wave technique is found to be very sensitive even to the small variations in the residual stress profiles across the weld joints induced by marginally different heat inputs employed during welding.

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Section: Results and Discussion On The Residual Stress Measurementssupporting

confidence: 94%

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon Steel Weld Joints by Ultrasonic L $$_\mathrm{{cr}}$$ cr Wave Technique

2014

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“…Thus, the same procedure may result in a variation in the stress of approximately ±33.5 and ±10.5 MPa using the Lcr wave and shear wave, respectively. A possible explanation for this dispersion is the small variations in the microstructure where the measurements were recorded …”

Section: Comparison Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, stress measurements using the Lcr wave method have been widely studied. However, the Lcr wave characteristics are easily affected by factors such as grain size, material properties, and coupling conditions . They may affect the measurement results and limit the application of the method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the L cr wave TOF and shear‐wave spectrum methods for the uniaxial absolute stress evaluation of steel members

Teng

et al. 2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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The absolute stress of steel members is a key parameter for determining the performance of steel structures. Compared with other nondestructive evaluation methods, ultrasonic methods, which correlate material stress with ultrasonic velocity, have received the greatest amount of research attention. In this study, we investigated the measurement of the absolute stress distribution of steel members using two ultrasonic methods: a longitudinal critically refracted (Lcr) wave method and a shear wave method. The Lcr wave is generated from the longitudinal wave mode conversion and exhibits the greatest sensitivity to stress. The shear waves are generated by the birefringence effect, and their synthesis signal spectrum exhibits a minimum that varies with stress. A comparison of the two absolute stress evaluation methods is performed. Specifically, four steel members with identical dimensions and materials are used to investigate the discreteness of the calibrated parameters. The uniaxial absolute stress distributions of two steel members with variable cross sections are measured using the two methods and verified using the traditional strain gauge method. The results show that the uniaxial stress distributions of the two steel members can be evaluated by both the Lcr wave time-of-flight method and the shear-wave spectrum method, although the latter is more accurate for the measurement of stress distribution. Furthermore, the measurement principles, parametric calibrations, sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability of the two methods are compared, and their applicability is discussed. KEYWORDS acoustoelastic effect, birefringence effect, Lcr wave TOF method, nondestructive stress measurement, shear-wave spectrum method, steel members, uniaxial absolute stress

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“…could be decreased by employing two receivers, which allow comparative and more accurate measurements. More experimental details of the L C R waves are discussed in the previous studies by Javadi et al [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] where they presented different experimental configurations needed to measure the longitudinal residual stresses of plates, circumferential and axial residual stresses of pipes and pressure vessels. The relationship between the time-of-flight (TOF) measured by the L C R wave and the corresponding uniaxial stress is developed by Egle and Bray [8] to be:…”

Section: C R Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, it is required to average the residual stress analyzed by the FE simulation because the L C R ultrasonic method measures the average of stresses as its details are more described by Javadi et al [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. To be specific, the L C R ultrasonic method is not able to measure the stress in a determined depth, for instance 6 mm.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Stress Measurementmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of Clamping Effect on the Welding Sub-surface Residual Stress and Deformation by Using the Ultrasonic Stress Measurement and Finite Element Method

2015

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In this study, sub-surface residual stress and deformations, produced by the welding process, are investigated by using ultrasonic stress measurement method and finite element (FE) simulation. The FE analysis is employed to evaluate the residual stresses and deformations caused by the tungsten inert gas welding of 304L stainless steel plates. Residual stresses obtained from the FE analysis are then used to validate results of the ultrasonic stress measurement method, which is fulfilled by employing longitudinal critically refracted (L C R ) waves. By using four different frequencies of ultrasonic probes, the sub-surface residual stress fields are mapped in four different depths of the examined material. Two different plates are welded with and without the use of clamp to investigate the clamping effect on the residual stress and deformation. By employing the through-thickness measurement of residual stresses, the clamping effect on the subsurface distribution of the residual stresses is also studied. As a result, the L C R ultrasonic method is accurate enough to distinguish the surface and sub-surface residual stresses in the clamped and non-clamped welding plate. Consequently, the longitudinal residual stresses have been increased by using the clamp during the welding of stainless steel plates. However, using the clamp significantly influences the amount and distribution of longitudinal residual stress in the base metal. Regarding the welding deformation results, it has been concluded that employing the clamp considerably decreases the deformations of the stainless steel plates.

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Nondestructive Evaluation of Welding Residual Stresses in Austenitic Stainless Steel Plates

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon Steel Weld Joints by Ultrasonic L $$_\mathrm{{cr}}$$ cr Wave Technique

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon Steel Weld Joints by Ultrasonic L $$_\mathrm{{cr}}$$ cr Wave Technique

Comparison of the L cr wave TOF and shear‐wave spectrum methods for the uniaxial absolute stress evaluation of steel members

Investigation of Clamping Effect on the Welding Sub-surface Residual Stress and Deformation by Using the Ultrasonic Stress Measurement and Finite Element Method

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