Nondestructive assessment of wood members from a historic viewing tower

Ross, Robert; Senalik, C. Adam; Allison, R. Bruce; Zhou, Lujing

doi:10.2737/fpl-rn-349

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In addition, some damaged wooden elements due to fire were identified as well as some completely defective parts [42]. In 2015, Ross et al conducted a nondestructive evaluation of a scenic tower (also known as Eagle Tower) located in Peninsula State Park, Wisconsin, USA [43]. This evaluation adopted a combination method of visual inspection, a stress wave transmission velocity method, and Resistograph, which revealed that the tower's key support components were seriously damaged and that many of the elements severely deteriorated [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, Ross et al conducted a nondestructive evaluation of a scenic tower (also known as Eagle Tower) located in Peninsula State Park, Wisconsin, USA [43]. This evaluation adopted a combination method of visual inspection, a stress wave transmission velocity method, and Resistograph, which revealed that the tower's key support components were seriously damaged and that many of the elements severely deteriorated [43]. In 2018, a wooden tower in Pottawatomie State Park, Wisconsin, which has a similar structure and history with the Eagle Tower, required urgent quality evaluation due to visible cracks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Nondestructive Testing Technologies in Preserving Historic Trees and Ancient Timber Structures in China

Guan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Forests

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In China, preserving historic trees and ancient timber structures has attracted more attention from researchers and institutions. Nondestructive testing (NDT) technology has gained momentum in the application and research in recent years. This paper presents some examples of the application of NDT techniques in the protection of historic trees and ancient timber structures in China. A total of nine NDT techniques were applied, including five techniques of visual inspection, sounding, Resistograph, stress wave transmission velocity, stress wave tomography for both historic trees and ancient timber structures, two techniques of the pulling-test and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for historic trees alone, and two techniques of acoustic emission (AE) and digital imaging for ancient timber structures. Based on field testing, there is a very good detecting effect for visual inspection and Resistograph, but sounding works unsatisfactorily. The stress wave transmission velocity is found to be excellent in screening for the internal defects of historic tree trunks, but performs badly in screening for the internal defects within the wood members of ancient timber structures. AE is less successful but digital imaging performs well in long-term monitoring and damage warning of wood structures. The stress wave tomography successfully obtains images of internal defects inside tree trunks. The anchorage of some historic trees cannot be quantitatively evaluated with the pulling test if the tree is too large. GPR’s resolution and accuracy are very low, which limit its application. Theoretical research on NDT and promotion of NDT technology are still an essential part of the work in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nondestructive Testing Technologies in Preserving Historic Trees and Ancient Timber Structures in China

Guan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Forests

Self Cite

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“…One of the main application areas for DR measurements is the detection of internal defects, decay, insect damage, hidden parts or the evaluation of wood properties in timber structures (Kappel and Mattheck 2003;Rinn 2012;Imposa et al 2014;Li et al 2019;Wang et al 2019). Drilling resistance measurements were applied for utility poles inspection (Gezer et al 2015;Reinprecht and Šupina 2015;Sharapov et al 2020a) and assessment of structural conditions of wooden bridges as well as historical and modern constructions and buildings (Imposa et al 2014;Brashaw et al 2015;Nowak et al 2016;Frontini 2017;Branco et al 2017;Ross et al 2018;Verbist et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements

et al. 2021

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Improving the properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) through wood modification expands its usage as building material, especially for outdoor applications. The outdoor performance of LVL products needs to be tested against different biotic agents, and methods are needed for testing and evaluating their effect on the structural integrity of LVL. In this study, drilling resistance (DR) measurements were used to quantify the effect of fungal decay in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL caused by white rot fungi. Material specific peculiarities and their effect on the evaluation method were studied such as the effect of drill bit blunting, moisture content (MC), drilling direction and PF resin content on the DR of PF-modified LVL. The drilling direction in relation to veneer and glue layers had a significant effect on DR and feeding resistance (FR). The PF resin treatment increased the DR. Feeding resistance was found more sensitive to the blunting of the drill bit than DR. The effect of MC on DR and FR was found to be insignificant. The effect of PF resin content on the prediction of mass loss (ML) by DR became prominent only for ML by white rot decay below 10 %. Correlations between DR, ML due to fungal decay and weight percent gain were established and described with a two-factor regression model. The drill bit feed rate of 0.5 m min −1 and the rotational frequency of 3500 min −1 as well as the transversal drilling in relation to the veneer (glue) layers were recommended for the assessment of beech LVL treated with PF resin. The DR measurements showed high potential as a fast standard evaluation method for decay and strength loss of LVL products.

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Assessing biological deterioration in wood with acoustic-based techniques

Senalik

Ross

Stokes³

et al. 2022

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Nondestructive assessment of wood members from a historic viewing tower

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Application of Nondestructive Testing Technologies in Preserving Historic Trees and Ancient Timber Structures in China

Application of Nondestructive Testing Technologies in Preserving Historic Trees and Ancient Timber Structures in China

Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements

Assessing biological deterioration in wood with acoustic-based techniques

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