Nondestructive analysis of debonding in composite/rubber/rubber structure using ultrasonic pulse-echo method

Zheng, Shanpu; Zhang, Sai; Luo, Ying; Xu, Bo; Hao, Wenfeng

doi:10.1080/10589759.2020.1825707

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the CWT magnitude of the A1 echo for bonded coating layers was lower compared to the debonded coating layers. Due to the wave energy transmission between the coating layer and concrete, bonded layers attenuate at a faster rate than debonded layers [87,88].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural-Network-Based Ultrasonic Inspection of Offshore Coated Concrete Specimens

Malikov

Kim

et al. 2022

Coatings

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A thin layer of protective coating material is applied on the surface of offshore concrete structures to prevent its degradation, thereby extending the useful life of the structures. The main reasons for the reduction in the protective capability of coating layers are loss of adhesion to concrete and flattening of the coating layer wall. Usually, the state of the coating layer is monitored in the setting of water immersion using ultrasonic inspection methods, and the method of inspection still needs improvement in terms of speed and accuracy. In this study, the ultrasonic pulse echo method was used in a water immersion test of the coated specimens, and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with complex Morlet wavelets was implemented to define the received waveforms’ time of flight and instantaneous center frequency. These allow one to evaluate the thickness of the coating layer during water immersion. Furthermore, phases of reflected echoes at CWT local peaks were computed using a combination of Hilbert transforms (HT) and wave parameters derived from CWT. In addition, three relative wave parameters of echoes were also used to train deep neural networks (DNN), including instantaneous center frequency ratio, CWT magnitude ratio, and phase difference. With the use of three relative waveform parameters of the DNN, the debonded layer detection accuracy of our method was 100%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural-Network-Based Ultrasonic Inspection of Offshore Coated Concrete Specimens

Malikov

Kim

et al. 2022

Coatings

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“…In this study, the case of debonding and bonding between the coating material and structure was distinguished using the amplitude ratio of the peak STFT magnitude. In reference to Equation ( 5), the STFT magnitude peak is proportional to the waveform amplitude β [47]; thus, the ratio of the STFT magnitude peaks of the two subsequent wave echoes was used to compare the amplitude ratio of the two waveforms.…”

Section: Experiments 31 Ultrasonic Echoes From the Coating Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Assessment of Thickness and Bonding Quality of Coating Layer Based on Short-Time Fourier Transform and Convolutional Neural Networks

et al. 2021

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Ultrasonic non-destructive analysis is a promising and effective method for the inspection of protective coating materials. Offshore coating exhibits a high attenuation rate of ultrasonic energy due to the absorption and ultrasonic pulse echo testing becomes difficult due to the small amplitude of the second echo from the back wall of the coating layer. In order to address these problems, an advanced ultrasonic signal analysis has been proposed. An ultrasonic delay line was applied due to the high attenuation of the coating layer. A short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of the waveform was implemented to measure the thickness and state of bonding of coating materials. The thickness of the coating material was estimated by the projection of the STFT into the time-domain. The bonding and debonding of the coating layers were distinguished using the ratio of the STFT magnitude peaks of the two subsequent wave echoes. In addition, the advantage of the STFT-based approach is that it can accurately and quickly estimate the time of flight (TOF) of a signal even at low signal-to-noise ratios. Finally, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to automatically determine the bonding state of the coatings. The time–frequency representation of the waveform was used as the input to the CNN. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method automatically determines the bonding state of the coatings with high accuracy. The present approach is more efficient compared to the method of estimating bonding state using attenuation.

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“…Adhesive bonding, as a commonly used method for joining composite materials, often has issues such as “kissing bonds” and “weak adhesion” damage due to factors like adhesive interface contamination, uneven adhesive application, and aging. These issues are difficult to detect using conventional methods and could lead to catastrophic structural failure 2,3 . Based on the laser shock technique, 4,5 laser bond inspection (LBI) technology is applied for interface bond strength assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These issues are difficult to detect using conventional methods and could lead to catastrophic structural failure. 2,3 Based on the laser shock technique, 4,5 laser bond inspection (LBI) technology is applied for interface bond strength assessment. LBI Meijiao Qu and Yuheng Song contributed equally to this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanosecond laser pulse width and energy on damage characteristics in carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates

Qu,

Song,

Wen

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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This study explores the effects of laser pulse width and energy on CFRP laminates damage in laser bond inspection technology. Three testing programs were used, including varying laser energy while keeping pulse width constant, altering pulse width while maintaining constant power density, and modifying pulse width while keeping energy constant. The results show that when the pulse width remains constant, increased laser energy has a minimal effect on the initial damage location but leads to gradual interlayer delamination and fiber fracture propagation toward the impact surface. With constant laser energy, a specific threshold for pulse width is observed. When the laser pulse width is below this threshold, it exhibits a positive correlation with the damage characteristics of CFRP laminates, whereas when it exceeds this threshold, it shows a negative correlation. Power density correlates with damage when pulse width is constant, but there is no direct correlation when pulse width varies.Highlights CFRP laminates underwent laser shock tests with varying pulse widths. Power density is positively correlated with damage under specific conditions. There exists a specific threshold for laser pulse width. In single‐sided laser shock, initial damage spreads within a specified range.

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Nondestructive analysis of debonding in composite/rubber/rubber structure using ultrasonic pulse-echo method

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Neural-Network-Based Ultrasonic Inspection of Offshore Coated Concrete Specimens

Neural-Network-Based Ultrasonic Inspection of Offshore Coated Concrete Specimens

Ultrasonic Assessment of Thickness and Bonding Quality of Coating Layer Based on Short-Time Fourier Transform and Convolutional Neural Networks

Effect of nanosecond laser pulse width and energy on damage characteristics in carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates

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