Noncultivable viruses and neonatal diarrhea: fifteen-month survey in a newborn special care nursery

Cameron, Donald J. S.; Bishop, Ruth F.; Veenstra, Anneke A.; Barnes, Graeme L.

doi:10.1128/jcm.8.1.93-98.1978

Cited by 49 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Soon after the discovery of rotavirus in 1973, it was recognised that neonatal rotavirus strains containing the P[6] VP4 genotype were structurally and functionally distinct from other rotavirus strains that caused disease. 4 Neonatal P[6] strains, such as RV3 (G3P[6]), replicate well in the newborn gut in the presence of maternal antibodies and breast milk but do not cause symptoms in infected infants. 5 Wild-type infection with the neonatal strain RV3 was associated with protection from severe and moderate rotavirus gastroenteritis over the first 3 years of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) immunogenicity and safety in a neonatal and infant administration schedule in Malawi: a randomised, double-blind, four-arm parallel group dose-ranging study

Witte

Handley

Jere

et al. 2022

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Background Rotavirus vaccines reduce rotavirus-related deaths and hospitalisations but are less effective in high child mortality countries. The human RV3-BB neonatal G3P[6] rotavirus vaccine administered in a neonatal schedule was efficacious in reducing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in Indonesia but had not yet been evaluated in African infants. MethodsWe did a phase 2, randomised , double-blind, parallel group dose-ranging study of three doses of oral RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine in infants in three primary health centres in Blantyre, Malawi. Healthy infants less than 6 days of age with a birthweight 2•5 to 4•0 kg were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) into one of four treatment groups: neonatal vaccine group, which included high-titre (1•0 × 10 7 focus-forming unit [FFU] per mL), mid-titre (3•0 × 10 6 FFU per mL), or low-titre (1•0 × 10 6 FFU per mL); and infant vaccine group, which included high-titre (1•0 × 10 7 FFU per mL) using a computer generated code (block size of four), stratified by birth (singleton vs multiple). Neonates received their three doses at 0-5 days to 10 weeks and infants at 6-14 weeks. Investigators, participant families, and laboratory staff were masked to group allocation. Anti-rotavirus IgA seroconversion and vaccine take (IgA seroconversion and stool shedding) were evaluated. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo. The primary outcome was the cumulative IgA seroconversion 4 weeks after three doses of RV3-BB in the neonatal schedule in the high-titre, mid-titre, and low-titre groups in the per protocol population, with its 95% CI. With the high-titre group as the active control group, we did a non-inferiority analysis of the proportion of participants with IgA seroconversion in the mid-titre and low-titre groups, using a non-inferiority margin of less than 20%. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03483116).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) immunogenicity and safety in a neonatal and infant administration schedule in Malawi: a randomised, double-blind, four-arm parallel group dose-ranging study

Witte

Handley

Jere

et al. 2022

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Neonatal rotavirus infection in Belém, Northern Brazil: Nosocomial transmission of a P[6] G2 strain

Linhares

Mascarenhas

Gusmão

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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A total of 614 fecal specimens were obtained during a survey for rotavirus infection conducted between May 1996 and May 1998 among 437 newborns admitted to special care nurseries at a public hospital in the urban area of Belém, Brazil. Routine stool samples were taken weekly from all babies up to the age of 28 days. Overall, 51 (11.7%) of the neonates excreted rotaviruses while in hospital, of whom 42 (82.3%) developed asymptomatic nosocomial infection; nosocomial infection was also proved in five of the nine patients with diarrhea. Three distinct RNA profiles were detected, of which one short electropherotyping pattern was far more frequent ( approximately 90% of the strains). Using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassays, 32 (62.7%) of the rotavirus-positive strains were classified as G2, and 1 (1.9%) as mixed G1 and G2. A G serotype could not be assigned to 18 (35.3%) of the isolates. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for determining the VP4 type-specificity of a subset of 28 rotavirus-positive samples. Characterization of the VP7-genotype specificity was also sought for 18 of these latter strains. Overall, P[6] and G2 genotypes were identified in 93% and 94% of tested samples respectively, with results being further confirmed by Southern hybridization. Although surveillance was conducted during a 25-month period, 50 (98%) of 51 rotavirus isolates clustered between January and December 1997. The earliest [P6]G2 rotavirus infections were detected by late January 1997, involving two (13- and 14-day-old) babies admitted with acute diarrhea. Thereafter, strains bearing these genotype specificities were identified among five infants with hospital-acquired gastroenteritis, followed by 16 others who were infected asymptomatically. This is the first report from Brazil describing nosocomial transmission of P[6]G2 rotavirus strains among neonates.

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The 30‐ to 54‐nm rotavirus‐like particles in gastroenteritis: Incidence and antigenic relationship to rotavirus

Payne

Ray

Yolken

1981

Journal of Medical Virology

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The 30- to 54-nm rotavirus-like particles were observed in the stool specimens of 17 children with gastroenteritis. These small rotavirus-like particles were shown to be antigenically related to the commonly described 68-nm rotavirus using the techniques of immune electron microscopy and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Four specimens containing the small rotavirus-like particles were shown to contain an antigen of a common human rotavirus serotype (type 2). The findings of small rotavirus-like particles of different diameters sharing a common antigen with rotavirus type 2 cautions against the naming of new candidate viruses based on morphology alone. In addition, the shedding of pure populations of single-shelled rotaviruses, herein described, could be an unusual phenomenon which may occur only sporadically. The relationship of the smaller rotavirus-like particles to rotavirus morphogenesis is discussed.

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Noncultivable viruses and neonatal diarrhea: fifteen-month survey in a newborn special care nursery

Cited by 49 publications

References 22 publications

Neonatal rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) immunogenicity and safety in a neonatal and infant administration schedule in Malawi: a randomised, double-blind, four-arm parallel group dose-ranging study

Neonatal rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) immunogenicity and safety in a neonatal and infant administration schedule in Malawi: a randomised, double-blind, four-arm parallel group dose-ranging study

Neonatal rotavirus infection in Belém, Northern Brazil: Nosocomial transmission of a P[6] G2 strain

The 30‐ to 54‐nm rotavirus‐like particles in gastroenteritis: Incidence and antigenic relationship to rotavirus

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