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UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)β-Molybdenum nitride: synthesis mechanism and catalytic response in the gas phase hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene Cárdenas-Lizana, F.; Gómez Quero, S.; Perret, N.; Kiwi-Minsker, L.; Keane, M.A.
Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. A temperature programmed treatment of MoO 3 in flowing N 2 + H 2 has been employed to prepare b-phase molybdenum nitride (b-Mo 2 N) which has been used to promote, for the first time, the catalytic hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene. The reduction/nitridation synthesis steps have been monitored in situ and the starting oxide, reaction intermediates and nitride product have been identified and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis (DRS UV-Vis), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET/pore volume measurements. Our results demonstrate that MoO 3 -b-Mo 2 N is a kinetically controlled process where an initial reduction stage generates (sequentially) MoO 2 and Mo as reaction intermediates with a subsequent incorporation of N to produce b-Mo 2 N. SEM analysis has established that the transformation is non-topotactic with a disruption to the platelet morphology that characterizes MoO 3 and an increase in BET area (from 1 m 2 g À1 to 17 m 2 g
À1). Moreover, temperature programmed desorption measurements have revealed a significant hydrogen uptake (0.71 mmol m À2 ) on b-Mo 2 N. This has been exploited in the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene where p-chloroaniline was generated as the sole product with an associated rate constant (k = 2.0 min
À1) that is higher than values recorded for supported transition metals. Our study establishes the reaction mechanism involved in the synthesis of b-Mo 2 N and demonstrates its viability to promote selective -NO 2 group reduction as an alternative sustainable, high throughput route to commercially important haloamines.