Noncovalent interactions engineering construct the fast-kinetics organic cathode for room/low-temperature aqueous zinc-ion battery

Anhydride-Based Compound with Tunable Redox Properties as Advanced Organic Cathodes for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

“…NT12 exhibited two pairs of obvious reduction/oxidation peaks located at 0.47/ 0.55 V and 0.62/0.70 V (Figure 2d), which may indicate a twostep charge storage. 34 PT12 also possesses two redox peaks at 0.26/0.66 and 0.35/0.90 V, respectively (Figure 2g), which conforms with previous reports. 35 The reduction peaks are likely related to the Zn 2+ insertion reaction of the unsaturated bonds in molecules, while the oxidation peak can be attributed to the extraction of Zn 2+ in the opposite process.…”

“…For PM12, it displayed a pair of obvious reduction–oxidation peaks located at 0.53/0.65 V (Figure a). NT12 exhibited two pairs of obvious reduction/oxidation peaks located at 0.47/0.55 V and 0.62/0.70 V (Figure d), which may indicate a two-step charge storage . PT12 also possesses two redox peaks at 0.26/0.66 and 0.35/0.90 V, respectively (Figure g), which conforms with previous reports .…”

“…It can be further supported by ex situ Raman characterization, as shown in Figure b, where the CN intensity (1540 cm –1 ) and CO (1710 cm –1 ) weakens during the discharge process, which indicates that this process has Zn 2+ intercalation into CO and CN . They increase during subsequent charging processes gradually, demonstrating good electrochemical reversibility of NT12 during the redox reaction . The D-band represents defects in the C atom crystals, which originate mainly from carbon atoms in aromatic rings, and the G-peak reflects the number of layers and the integrity, which is mainly due to the telescopic vibrations of the sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms and the Π-electrons in the material. , …”

“…43 They increase during subsequent charging processes gradually, demonstrating good electrochemical reversibility of NT12 during the redox reaction. 34 The D-band represents defects in the C atom crystals, which originate mainly from carbon atoms in aromatic rings, and the G-peak reflects the number of layers and the integrity, which is mainly due to the telescopic vibrations of the sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms and the Π-electrons in the material. 43,44 The XPS characterization, as presented in Figures 6c−e and S12, was employed to probe the Zn 2+ storage mechanism in NT12.…”

Synergistic Ion Sieve and Solvation Regulation by Recyclable Clay-Based Electrolyte Membrane for Stable Zn-Iodine Battery

“…Large-scale energy storage based on secondary batteries is indispensable for the collection of electricity intermittently generated from renewable resources, such as sun, wind, and tide, to reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emission. − To date, although commercial lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as rechargeable devices for large-scale energy storage owing to their high energy density, safety issues regarding the flammable organic electrolyte and price concerns derived from the scarce resources of Li-salt severely restrict their sustainable utilization. − Comparably, aqueous batteries, e.g., zinc–iodine batteries, are believed to be an ideal alternative due to the elemental abundance, high theoretical capacity, simple manufacturing process, and stable potential plateau of both zinc (Zn) metal anode and iodine cathode. − , However, the state-of-the-art Zn-iodine batteries exhibit low Coulombic efficiency and rapid capacity decay and are therefore still far away from satisfactory for practical applications. The main obstacles are attributable to (i) the unstable Zn anode involving nonuniform electric field-induced dendrite growth, irreversible capacity decay, and even short circuit; , (ii) the generation of dissoluble polyiodides intermediates (e.g., I 3 – , I 5 – ) that lead to shuttle effects across the separator (cathode loss) and the further corrosion of Zn anode. , …”