Noncovalent co-assembly of aminoglycoside antibiotics@tannic acid nanoparticles for off-the-shelf treatment of pulmonary and cutaneous infections

Nanotechnology‐driven strategies to enhance the treatment of drug‐resistant bacterial infections

“…Cip-CB self-assembled in water to form Cip-CBMS. Finally, they loaded 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) onto the Cip-CBMS surface to form multifunctional antimicrobial magnocellular micelles TPP@Cip-CBMS (Yang, Song, Dong, et al, 2023;Yang, Song, Yin, et al, 2023;Yang, Wang, Wang, et al, 2023). In an acidic biofilm microenvironment, the carboxyl groups in TPP@Cip-CBMS are protonated, thereby giving the micelles positive charges.…”

“…To deal with infections caused by drug‐resistant bacteria, current clinical practice often involves the utilization of high‐dose antibiotic therapy or a combination of multiple antibiotics (Courjon & Del Guidice, 2021; Michelangeli et al, 2018; Vincent et al, 2016). Antibiotics commonly employed in clinical practice can be categorized into the following seven groups based on their chemical structures: (1) β‐lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins) (Lima et al, 2020; Zabiszak et al, 2023); (2) Macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, azithromycin) (Chen, Gao, et al, 2023; Chen, Leimer, et al, 2023; Chen, Qi, et al, 2023; Fostier et al, 2023); (3) Peptide antibiotics (e.g., vancomycin, polymyxin) (Tian, Shi, et al, 2023; Tian, Su, et al, 2023); (4) Aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., streptomycin, kanamycin) (Dove et al, 2022; Yang, Song, Dong, et al, 2023; Yang, Song, Yin, et al, 2023; Yang, Wang, Wang, et al, 2023); (5) Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, doxycycline) (Grossman, 2016; LaPlante et al, 2022); (6) Quinolone antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin) (Pham et al, 2019); (7) Sulfonamide antibiotics (e.g., sulfadiazine) (Zhu, Pang, et al, 2022; Zhu, Wang, et al, 2022). Furthermore, certain antimicrobial peptides and surface‐active substances have also demonstrated the ability to eliminate bacteria or suppress genes associated with biofilm synthesis (Xuan et al, 2023).…”

“…In recent years, the misuse of antibiotics has resulted in a dramatic increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs, thereby hastening the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains. This trend has been particularly alarming in the case of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, which have now become a leading cause of mortality among patients suffering from bacterial infections (Su, Ding, et al, 2022;Su, Wang, et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2023;Yang, Song, Dong, et al, 2023;Yang, Song, Yin, et al, 2023;Yang, Wang, Wang, et al, 2023;York, 2017). Bacteria have developed sophisticated defense mechanisms against adverse environments over time.…”