Noncoding RNA in cancer

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are diverse classes of RNA molecules not translated into proteins, which possess intricate regulatory and structural functions. NcRNAs belong to a family of regulatory transcripts that affect every stage of gene expression, from transcription and mRNA stability to mRNA translation. Recent evidence has uncovered critical roles for noncoding RNAs in cancer pathogenesis. For example, variation of specific microRNAs has shown to drive tumorigenesis in human cancer cells and mouse models. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been related to diverse cancer phenotypes and neurological disorders. NcRNAs are deeply involved in the regulation of key genes that are associated with cancer, representing a promising area for new therapies. This review focuses on ncRNAs, their role in cancer, and the translational implications of noncoding RNA research that may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic solutions to treat cancer, and improve patients' quality of life and survival.