Noncoding RNA Expression During Viral Infection: The Long and the Short of It

Abstract

New technologies have expanded our view of viral-host interactions with the growing identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that act as key regulators of viral infection. In this chapter, we explore novel genomics-based approaches used to characterize ncRNAs involved in viral infection, focusing mainly on microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. We present recent evidence implicating virally encoded and host-derived ncRNAs in viral replication and pathogenesis regulation, focusing on four different viral diseases (IAV, KHSV, HIV, and HBV). Finally, we discuss the current knowledge of ncRNAs modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. These findings highlight the complexity of host-pathogen networks determining the outcome of viral disease. Understanding the role of ncRNAs in these networks may offer novel antiviral therapy and diagnostic tools.

Non-Coding RNAs and Reactive Oxygen Species–Symmetric Players of the Pathogenesis Associated with Bacterial and Viral Infections

“…Therefore, ncRNAs are considered a reservoir of gene expressions that can fine-tune an impressive repertoire of genetic targets (Table 1). Since ncRNAs have steadily emerged as key regulators of bacterial and viral infections, and novel genomic-based approaches have been developed, providing a more indepth perspective of the interplay between certain pathogens and ncRNAs [50]. Finally, as one of the most powerful traits of ncRNA structures is to aim for multiple targets by precise base pairing, this allows cells to regulate gene expressions.…”

“…lncRNAs from the Retroviridae-antisense transcript, epigenetically regulates gene transcription, and miR-BHRF1 from Gammaherpesviridae promote cell cycle progression and proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. See more in Table 1[32,44,[50][51][52].…”