Nonbiofouling surface based on amphiphilic alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers

Abstract

A series of novel amphiphilic alkanethiols used for preparation of nonbiofouling surfaces have been synthesized and characterized. Surface properties of the resultant self assembled layers have been studied by multiple characterization techniques, such as XPS, Grazing angle infrared spectroscopy (GA-FTIR) and contact angle measurements. The antifouling performance of surfaces grafted with terminally fluorinated alkanethiols were assayed employing the fouling diatom Nitzschia and ubiquitous Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that amphiphilic alkanethiol-grafted surfaces could effectively reduce the bacterial adhesion and settlement of the fouling diatom.

Resistance of Amphiphilic Polysaccharides against Marine Fouling Organisms

“…The field of marine fouling-release coating technology has progressed from a focus on hydrophobic silicone chemistries toward amphiphilic systems with increasingly hydrophilic properties. − Laboratory experiments predicted this trend since, as among other factors, a strong hydration layer at the solid–liquid interface was demonstrated to be crucial for fouling-resistant materials . Amphiphilic coatings constructed of hydrophilic poly­(ethylene oxide)­s and hydrophobic perfluorinated hydrocarbons have shown excellent fouling release performance in laboratory experiments. − The ability of amphiphilic coatings to form hydrophobic nanodomains after immersion into water is currently discussed to be connected to their ability to weaken adhesion . While poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG), as the hydrophilic component, offers outstanding fouling-resistant properties, it is prone to degradation in long-term applications …”

Multilayers of Fluorinated Amphiphilic Polyions for Marine Fouling Prevention

“…Diblock , and triblock − copolymers with amphiphilic side chains were synthesized by grafting fluorinated molecules with hydrophobic (perfluoroalkyl) and hydrophilic (PEG) blocks to different precursors. The synthesized amphiphilic copolymers were spin coated on the substrates, and in this form have been shown to exhibit better antifouling performances (resistance and enhanced release property) against Navicula diatoms and Ulva spores than the PDMS based hydrophobic fouling release coatings. , Hydrophobic perfluoropolyethers cross-linked with a series of hydrophilic PEGs, have been used to prepare a range of amphiphilic networks and applied as marine fouling release coatings − The commercial amphiphilic surfactant Zonyl FSN-100 (containing ethoxylated fluoroalkyl side chains) can be grafted to polyurethane, and the modified polyurethane can then be deposited onto glass to provide a material with promising fouling resistance and fouling release potential against green alga Ulva . Cross-linked hyperbranched fluoropolymers and PEG amphiphilic networks have been shown to achieve good antifouling against marine organisms. − As many amphiphilic materials have a natural tendency for micelle formation, they often do not display sufficient stability upon deposition on substrates to serve as an effective coating.…”

Burying the Inverted Surface Dipole: Self-Assembled Monolayers Derived from Alkyl-Terminated Partially Fluorinated Alkanethiols

“…Properties inherent to fluorocarbons allow them to be a leading candidate for nanoscale applications that include their use as lubricants for nanoelectromechanical systems and microelectromechanical systems. − The lubricant of choice for these types of systems has included partially fluorinated alkylsilanes in the form of fluorinated self-assembled monolayers (FSAMs). A better understanding of these robust films, with properties such as low adhesion and thermal stability, has been gained from studies regarding the structural/compositional features of these monolayers at the interface. − For example, multiple reports have described greater frictional properties for perfluorinated monolayer films on silica when compared to those of Teflon. , Moreover, perfluorinated coatings can alter the work function of electrodes, leading to a reduction in the charge-transfer barrier between the electrode and an overlying conjugated polymer. − Nevertheless, fluorinated thin films enjoy widespread use in applications beyond those of mechanical and electronic devices. In particular, fluorinated adsorbates have been used to generate antifouling coatings that inhibit the adsorption of biomaterials. , …”