Nonarticular pain syndromes

Abstract

Nonarticular pain syndromes, although not inherently crippling, can have significant impact on patients' comfort, daily activities, and job performance. These syndromes include fibromyalgia, bursitis, tendinitis, and localized myofascial pain syndromes. Although differentiating these conditions from one another may be difficult, early diagnosis and follow-up are important for determining appropriate treatment. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may include use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, or corticosteroid injections; trigger-point desensitization therapy; physical therapy; and patient education.

Trigger Point Infiltrations into the Temporal Muscles of Patients with Fibromyalgia and Headaches: A Randomized, Double-Blinded and Controlled Study

“…The patients who were examined in the first stage of research and had at least one trigger point in one of the temporal muscle groups (right or left), regardless of the presence of headache, were included in the second stage of the study. sion criteria were the following: evidence of inflammatory rheumatic disease; cardiopathy or uncontrolled arterial hypertension; uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; blood dyscrasias; local infection; systemic infection; local skin changes; or a history of allergy to the anti-inflammatory medication prescribed following infiltration [6]. Seventy of the 100 patients examined in the first stage of the study were included in the second stage (treatment with infiltration), and these participants were randomly divided into three groups (the saline infiltration, anesthetic infiltration and control groups) using SIGMASTAT for Windows, version 2.0 (Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA).…”

“…The trigger points were located by manual palpation, the skin was disinfected with 70% liquid alcohol and a freezing spray (−40˚C) was applied to prevent pain during the needle penetration [20] [21] [26] [27]. Carpule syringes with reflux and 30-G short needles were used in the procedure [6]. A volume of 0.2 ml to 0.5 ml of anesthetic or saline was administered to each trigger point [20] [25].…”

“…Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common regional pain syndrome and is considered to be the most common pain complaint observed in medical practice. The pain symptoms result from hyperalgesia of small trigger points, which radiate pain to distant sites [6] [7]. MPS can affect the orofacial region, which is referred to as masticatory myofascial pain syndrome (MMPS).…”

Trigger Point as Important Preditor for Dental Clinical Practice

“…Patients with this syndrome complain of prolonged, deep pains that can cause physiological and motor impossibility, both in a muscle and in a muscle group; has variable intensity, and may or may not be throbbing, have a burning sensation, acute and stabbing. More often it is reported when in muscle activity; however, it may also occur in muscle rest [13]. The SDM may also affect the orofacial region, and is then called the Masticatory Myofascial Pain Syndrome (SDMM) [28].…”

“…TPs are classified as active, when they cause pain even when the patient is at rest; or latent, which do not cause spontaneous pain, but may cause movement restriction and muscle weakness [13]. When TPs are active, they can cause increased pain and sensitivity, as well as autonomic phenomena such as localized vasoconstriction, coryza, sweating, lacrimation, increased salivation, proprioceptive disorders, pilomoto activity, among others [4].…”